英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十大實(shí)用解題原則(2)
2011-10-10 11:34:13新浪博客
原則六、-ing形式或to do可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，-ed形式則不可以
例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch
解析：本題中is為系動(dòng)詞，前面應(yīng)該作主語(yǔ)，用-ing形式，所以答案為C。
例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined
解析：本題中is為系動(dòng)詞，前面應(yīng)該作主語(yǔ)，用-ing形式，所以答案為C。
原則七、be+-ed+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)�？砂裝e去掉保留-ed+介詞做狀語(yǔ)
例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
解析：“和。。。相比較”結(jié)構(gòu)為be compared with，現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語(yǔ)，所以只保留非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，把動(dòng)詞be去掉，答案為D。
例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
解析：“面對(duì)”結(jié)構(gòu)為be faced with, 現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語(yǔ)，所以只保留非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，把動(dòng)詞be去掉，答案為C。
原則八、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致，和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
例15． ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)the postman一致，the postman應(yīng)該是被咬，所以答案為B。
例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)he一致, he 和walk應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案為B。
例17. While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
解析：根據(jù)“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致”的原則，watching的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和后面句子主語(yǔ)一致，所以句子主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“we”，答案為C。
例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
解析：本題沒(méi)有連詞，所以后面應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，the lessons是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是“被完成”，所以答案為B。
原則九、不定式做狀語(yǔ)一般有兩種：目的狀語(yǔ)和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)（表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容詞（表喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)）做表語(yǔ)后跟不定式可以表示原因
例19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best.
A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner
解析：根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者，你要付出所有，盡最大努力”，此處表目的，所以答案為B。
例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
解析：本句句意為“記者們匆匆趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了”，表出乎意料的結(jié)果常常用only to do，所以答案為B。
例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
解析：本題句意為“玻璃門(mén)替換了木頭門(mén)，自然光就進(jìn)來(lái)了”，自然光進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)順其自然的結(jié)果，所以用doing, 答案為B。
例22.How glad I am ___________ you!
A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen
解析： 本題是I am glad to see you 的感嘆句形式，to see you 是原因狀語(yǔ)，答案為B。
原則十、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定原則是在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not，有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done幾種形式
例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
解析： 本題考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案為 C。
例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.
A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed
C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed
解析：本題考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 為not being done的邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以答
案為B。
例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.
A. don’t go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go
解析：本題考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案為D。
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