英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十大實(shí)用解題原則

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測(cè)試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法，筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來(lái)解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

　　原則一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒(méi)有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

　　A. Having been told       B. Having told      C. He had been told      D. Though he had been told

　　例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

　　A. Having been told       B. Having told      C. He had been told      D. Though he had told

　　解析：例1中有連詞but連接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案為C。

　　例2中后面是一個(gè)句子，而且沒(méi)有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意此處為被動(dòng)，所以答案為A。

　　原則二、不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)-ed形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用-ing形式，無(wú)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用-ed形式

　　例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

　　A. Having lost                   B. Lost                 C. Being lost                D. Losing

　　解析：lose為及物動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以用-ed形式，答案為B。

　　例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.

　　A. Considered all the possibilities                     B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration

　　C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration  D. Giving all the possibilities

　　解析：把。。。考慮進(jìn)來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)為take sth into consideration，現(xiàn)在take后面有賓語(yǔ)all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案為B。

　　原則三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語(yǔ)，只作定語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)形式to have done或having done強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前

　　例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

　　A. Fail               B. Failed            C. To fail             D. Having failed

　　解析：根據(jù)句意“我們沒(méi)有打通電話(huà)，就給他們發(fā)了個(gè)郵件”，沒(méi)有打通電話(huà)應(yīng)該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，所以用having done，答案為D。

　　例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.

　　A. to have founded       B. having founded       C. founding                D. to found

　　解析：根據(jù)句意，Tim Bemers-Lee創(chuàng)立萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)應(yīng)該是過(guò)去的事情，而且be considered后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式，所以應(yīng)該用to have done，答案為A。

　　原則四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示將來(lái)用-to do，表正在進(jìn)行用-ing，表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed

　　例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．

　　A．produced                                        B．being produced

　　C．to be produced                                    D．having been produced

　　解析：根據(jù)本題中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next month，可知the play將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來(lái)，表將來(lái)應(yīng)該用to do，所以答案為C。

　　例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

　　A. being blown down    B. blown down       C. blowing down      D. to blow down

　　解析：根據(jù)句意“被暴風(fēng)雨刮倒的樹(shù)已經(jīng)從路上移走了”，樹(shù)被刮倒是過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，表已經(jīng)完成用-ed形式，所以答案為B。

　　原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加邏輯主語(yǔ)

　　例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.

　　A. the thief having been caught                              B. the thief to be caught

　　C. catch the thief                                           D. the thief being caught

　　解析：本題led to中的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以答案為D。

　　例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.

　　A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed

　　C. being opened and closed                D. to open and close

　　解析：本題the noise of中的of是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用-ing形式，desks作-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以答案為C。