高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)常見的幾個誤區(qū)

　　沒有好的高一，必然沒有好的高考；沒有高一的危機(jī)感和緊迫感，就沒有高三的從容自信！

　　(一)對名詞數(shù)的概念和規(guī)則掌握不好

　　英語中的名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)等形式，其變化形勢復(fù)雜規(guī)則繁多，中學(xué)生常常對這些規(guī)則的運(yùn)用不能得心應(yīng)手，而漢語的名詞有沒有數(shù)的概念，一步強(qiáng)調(diào)可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：passer-by →(過路人)，woman teachers →(女教師)。有些名詞形式上雖然是單數(shù)，意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)。如：police →(警察)，cattle→ (牛)。而另一些名詞形式上雖然是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)。如：news →(消息)，works →(著作)等。

　　(二)冠詞的用法相互混淆

　　雖說英語中只有定冠詞和不定冠詞，但其用法并非三言兩語可以說清，即使掌握一些規(guī)律也有不少例外。中國學(xué)生對用與不用冠詞極其容易混淆。

　　Can you play the violin?(在于其名詞前，用定冠詞)

　　The young has turned writer.(在turn等連系動詞后作表語的單數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣上不加上冠詞)

　　(三)對英語動詞的幾種形式相互混淆

　　英語動詞是句子的關(guān)鍵。就英語動詞分類而言，有及物動詞、不及物動詞、瞬間動詞、延續(xù)動詞、感官動詞、連系動詞等，每一類的動詞都有各自的用法特征，中國學(xué)生常常把不及物動詞當(dāng)做及物動詞用，把瞬間動詞當(dāng)做延續(xù)動詞用。

　　(誤)He has come here for three years.

　　(正)He has been here for three years.

　　(誤)I have bought the computer for a long time

　　(正)I have had the computer for a long time

　　就動詞的形式而言，非限定動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)也令中國學(xué)生頭痛，因?yàn)橛行﹦釉~要求后面接動名詞作賓語，有些動詞要求后面接動詞不定式作賓語，還有的兩者都可以接。

　　Would you mind opening the window?

　　I remember seeing him somewhere before.

　　Please remember to shut the door.

　　又如，非謂語動詞不僅僅跟句子中的主語有直接的邏輯關(guān)系，而且還跟非謂語動詞做什么狀語有關(guān)。

　　(誤)Seeing from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

　　(正)Seen from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

　　“see” 的主語應(yīng)該是人，而不是“the city”，因此要用 “see” 的過去分詞形式，表示被動。類似這樣的錯誤在學(xué)生中是很常見的。

　　(四)易混淆動詞的時態(tài)概念和形式

　　英語動詞的時態(tài)有16種，常用的也有9種。雖說他們的形式是固定的，但用法是靈活的。因此中國學(xué)生常常把某種時態(tài)的用法套在另一種時態(tài)的用法上。該用過去時態(tài)的地方卻用過去完成時態(tài)代替，該用過去完成時態(tài)的地方卻過去時態(tài)用代替。

　　(誤)I had met him in the street this morning.

　　(正)I met him in the street this morning.

　　(誤)I thought you finished your homework.

　　(正)I had thought you finished your homework.

　　(誤)When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.

　　(正)When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..

　　(五)對英語被動語態(tài)的形式和用法不能運(yùn)用自如

　　漢語中比英語被動語態(tài)的使用頻率相對來說要少得多。中國學(xué)生不習(xí)慣用英語被動句。漢語的被動句往往就用一個字就可以決定其被動意思，而英語的被動形式不僅與動詞本身的形式有關(guān)，而且還與時態(tài)、語氣以及主語與動詞的關(guān)系有關(guān)。

　　(誤)Australia speaks English.

　　(正)English is spoken in Australia.

　　(誤)What is to do next?

　　(正)What is to be done next?

　　(誤)I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.

　　(正)I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

　　(六)虛擬語氣形式的復(fù)雜性和用法的靈活性令中國學(xué)生感到困惑

　　(誤)I wish I know the answer now.

　　(正)I wish I knew the answer now.

　　(誤)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.

　　(正)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.

　　(誤)I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.

　　(正)I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.

　　(七)不用或錯用英語連接詞

　　漢語是綜合性語言，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“意合”，句語句之間可以不用連詞，把種種關(guān)系隱含在上下文中：英語是分析性語言，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“行合”，句語句之間或者是主句和從句之間需要一種方式來表達(dá)它們之間的句法關(guān)系。

　　(誤)Although he is old, but he works hard.

　　(正)Although he is old, he works hard.

　　(誤)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

　　(正)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

　　(正)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

　　(正)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

　　(八)忽視一致性問題

　　漢語的人稱代詞和主謂一致問題十分簡單，但英語中的人稱和主謂一致的問題卻比較復(fù)雜，令中國學(xué)生困惑不已。

　　(誤)Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.

　　(正)Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.

　　注：主語形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)形式。

　　(誤)The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.

　　(正)The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.

　　注：主語是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)形式。

　　(誤)The crowd was fighting for their lives.

　　(正)The crowd were fighting for their lives.

　　注：主語形式上雖為單數(shù)，但意義上視為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(九)英語從句形式多且表現(xiàn)形式復(fù)雜

　　英語的從句主要有：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句、狀語從句等，每種從句都要求用相應(yīng)的語法形式。因此牽涉到連詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選擇時，中國學(xué)生就很容易混淆;在英語表達(dá)時，也往往忽視英語中的連詞。

　　1、主語從句

　　(誤)If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

　　(正)Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

　　2、表語從句

　　(誤)This is that he want.

　　(正)This is what he want.

　　3、定語從句

　　(誤)Everything which he said greatly interested us.

　　(正)Everything that he said greatly interested us.

　　4、同位語從句

　　(誤)That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

　　(正)That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

　　5、狀語從句

　　(誤)However you say , I will not change my mind.

　　(正)Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.

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