名詞性從句,高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練

　　Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2015·北京，33改編)I truly believe__that__beauty comes from within.

　　解析：考查名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起連接作用的that。

　　2．(2015·陜西，19改編)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for __what__Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

　　解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。分析語(yǔ)境可知，此處是介詞for后接了賓語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺少achieved的賓語(yǔ)，故要用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。句意：讀她的傳記，我對(duì)多麗絲·萊辛在文學(xué)上所取得的成就欽佩不已。

　　3．(2015·安徽，25改編)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not __what__ ships are built for.

　　解析：what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。

　　4．(2015·浙江，6改編)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate __what__ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

　　解析：investigate后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺主語(yǔ)，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要調(diào)查一下水面下的東西。經(jīng)常會(huì)有石頭或樹(shù)枝藏在水中。

　　5．(2016·南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)交流試卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check__whether/if__the bag had 50 gold coins.

　　解析：句意：……他把包還給了Sam，請(qǐng)他檢查包內(nèi)是否有50個(gè)金幣。

　　6．(2016·濰坊高考模擬)He has heart disease. That is__because__he has been smoking too much.

　　解析：句意：他有心臟病，這是由于他一直吸煙造成的。

　　7．(2016·大慶質(zhì)量檢測(cè)二)People who visited me used to ask me__how__I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you？How can you get used to so much noise？”

　　解析：句意：來(lái)看我的人過(guò)去常常問(wèn)我怎么能睡得著……。

　　8．We know from the survey on cigarettes __that__ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.

　　解析：句意為：我們從關(guān)于香煙的調(diào)查了解到，在產(chǎn)品包裝盒上和廣告中的警告信息能夠影響潛在的危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)。know后的賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，因此用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)。

　　9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium－sized cities， there are now signs __that__ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.

　　解析：句意為：隨著中小型城市房?jī)r(jià)的下跌，現(xiàn)在有跡象表明在大城市房?jī)r(jià)也可能有下滑的趨勢(shì)。signs后是同位語(yǔ)從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)。

　　10．Tens of thousands of people  marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial， celebrating  the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech， through which we know __what__ he said meant to the black.

　　解析：句意為：數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的人奔向馬丁·路德·金紀(jì)念碑，慶祝他的那次著名的演講發(fā)表50周年。通過(guò)這個(gè)演講，我們知道他所說(shuō)的對(duì)于黑人的意義。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指“他所說(shuō)的話”，故填what。

　　11．New plans for the college  entrance examination in Zhejiang are __that__ students have to  be tested on Chinese， math， English and another three  subjects as they prefer.

　　解析：句意為：浙江的高考新計(jì)劃是考生必須參加語(yǔ)文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)和他們喜歡的其他三科的考試。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺成分和意義，故用that引導(dǎo)。

　　12．There is a strong possibility __that__ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.

　　解析：句意為：人類(lèi)在將來(lái)主要依靠太陽(yáng)能是非常有可能的。設(shè)空后的從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，且是對(duì)possibility的進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，故設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，故填that。

　　13．(2014·湖南，24改編)As John Lennon once said， life is __what__ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

　　解析：句意為：正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，故填what。

　　14．(2014·陜西，15改編)__When__ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

　　解析：句意為：延誤的航班將何時(shí)起飛主要取決于天氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，depends much on是句子的謂語(yǔ)，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意，設(shè)空處在主語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。

　　15．__That__mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted.

　　解析：句意為：人們普遍認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)是人類(lèi)知識(shí)中最有用的部分之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且從句中不缺任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。

　　16．The bride and groom gave __whoever__ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.

　　解析：句意為：新娘和新郎給每個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人都送了禮物，來(lái)分享他們的幸福。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，意思是“凡是……的人”，相當(dāng)于anyone who，故用whoever。

　　17．I couldn't imagine __how__difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.

　　解析：句意為：我無(wú)法想像這些嚴(yán)重受傷的受害者能成功到達(dá)醫(yī)院該有多么困難。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，空后是形容詞difficult，應(yīng)該用how修飾，how difficult it was意為“這是多么困難”。

　　18．(2014·四川，2改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said， “That's __where__ I was born.”

　　解析：句意為：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院對(duì)我說(shuō)。前面提到了醫(yī)院，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是表地點(diǎn)，故用where引導(dǎo)該表語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

　　19．(2014·北京，33改編)Some people believe__whatever__has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

　　解析：句意為：一些人認(rèn)為，無(wú)論是曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情還是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情，都會(huì)在將來(lái)重演。從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且表示“無(wú)論……的事情”，故填whatever。

　　20．(2014·重慶，12改編)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday？

　　—Yeah， but I have no idea__why__he did it； that's one of his favorite universities.

　　解析：句意為：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什么那么做；那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用于解釋說(shuō)明idea的內(nèi)容；從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意此處表示原因，故用why引導(dǎo)。

　�、�. 語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1. when__ I began to love reading. Actually， I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2. that__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3. That__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4. that__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5. that__ literature became my vocation.

　　Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6. Whether__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall， her research showed me the answer. She argued __7. that__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story， I still have some doubts __8. how__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi， a doctor， became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9. What__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. __10. Why__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.

　�、�. 單句改錯(cuò)

　　1．I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.

　　答案與解析：what→which　此處表示“不知道該買(mǎi)哪一個(gè)”意義，故“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用which。

　　2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school.

　　答案與解析：that→how　賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示go的程度，表示“我們學(xué)校的情況如何”，故用how。

　　3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all.

　　答案與解析：what→that　表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，而且不表示意義，故用that。what在名詞性從句中需要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。

　　4．There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.

　　答案與解析：whether→that　否定句或疑問(wèn)句中doubt后的從句用that引導(dǎo)，肯定句doubt后的從句用whether/if引導(dǎo)。There is no doubt that...“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”。

　　5．At that time， I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.

　　答案與解析：that→why　根據(jù)wonder判斷，引導(dǎo)詞表示“為什么”意義，故用why。句子表示“我不明白為什么媽媽那么高興”。

　　6．Which is worse， they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.

　　答案與解析：Which→What　What is worse是固定用法，意為“更糟糕的是”。

　　7．I went up and asked what I could help them.

　　答案與解析：what→if/whether　 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不需要在從句中作成分，再根據(jù)ask判斷句子的引導(dǎo)詞表示疑問(wèn)意義，故應(yīng)為if/whether。

　　8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.

　　答案與解析：As→It　本句是一個(gè)it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正主語(yǔ)的句子，故改為it。如果用as，則為As is known to all， millions of graduates...。

　　9．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words， not the whole sentence.

　　答案與解析：That→What　主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞需要在從句中作learn的賓語(yǔ)，故用what。

　　10．The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook anything when she got married.

　　答案與解析：because→that　was后是表語(yǔ)從句且從句中不缺少成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。