高三英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
2019-01-15 20:22:59高三網(wǎng)
高中英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些
01
名詞
很多學(xué)生對(duì)名詞的性、數(shù)、格還有部分集合名詞的用法把握不準(zhǔn)，概念不太清晰。
1. He told me a good news just now.
句中的a要去掉，因?yàn)閚ews是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語中卻是不可數(shù)的，表示數(shù)量時(shí)在要其前加a piece of，類似的詞有：advice, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞the,不定冠詞a和an，限定詞this,that,my,his,her等等或者數(shù)詞one，或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks.
3. He went into a book's shop and bought a dictionary.
一般有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如My family is a happy one. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集合中每個(gè)個(gè)體的個(gè)人行為，則用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞。此處看電視是個(gè)體行為，應(yīng)把is改為are。類似的詞有：team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學(xué)階段，以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞中有四個(gè)常用詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加es，它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的基本上都加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
6. This has nothing to do with their believes.
以f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。所以應(yīng)把believes改為beliefs.
02
代詞
使用代詞時(shí)請(qǐng)注意其單、復(fù)數(shù)，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
【最全】人稱代詞物主代詞表格
形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，用在名詞前。
7. This is my book. 這是我的書。
8. We love our motherland. 我們熱愛我們的祖國。
名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。
9. Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. 看那兩支鉛筆，紅的是你的，藍(lán)的是我的。
10. He likes my pen. He doesn't like hers. 他喜歡我的鋼筆。不喜歡她的。
注意：在使用名詞性物主代詞時(shí)，必須有特定的語言環(huán)境，也就是要省略的名詞大家已經(jīng)知道，已經(jīng)提起過。
例：It's hers. 是她的。 （單獨(dú)使用大家不知是怎么回事，不可以這樣用） There is a book. It's hers. 那有本書。是她的。（先提及，大家才明白）
名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞
為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時(shí)可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。
My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復(fù)使用bag，可寫成：My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
1）物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently(顯然地)there was a broken( break的過去分詞破碎的;損壞的)glass on his desk. 約翰割破了手指，顯而易見，他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性（my, your等）和名詞性（mine, yours等）兩種，形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。
名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的--'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu)，例如Jack'scap(帽子)意思為ThecapisJack's.Hiscap意為Thecapishis.2)名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a.作主語，例如：MayIuseyourpen?Yoursworksbetter.我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎？你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。
c. 作介詞賓語，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話，而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。
d. 作主語補(bǔ)語，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。
12.He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定語從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句中的指示代詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)把his改為their。
13. Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑問句特殊疑問詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語，應(yīng)把Whom改為Who。
14. The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的賓語，應(yīng)把 I 改為me。
15. These books are mine；those in the bag are her.
her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應(yīng)該加名詞books，或把her 改為hers。
03
數(shù)詞
16. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)后不加s，前面沒有具體數(shù)字時(shí)在其后加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students（兩百個(gè)學(xué)生），hundreds of students（成百上千個(gè)學(xué)生）。例句中應(yīng)把hundreds改為hundred。
17. Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍數(shù)關(guān)系的as...as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。因此應(yīng)把larger改為large.
18. Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
幾個(gè)單詞由連字符連接而組成的復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù)，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word.
19. Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英語表達(dá)中分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時(shí)分母后要加s，所以就把third 改為thirds.
04
形容詞和副詞
形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)。
20. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。所以應(yīng)把nervously改為nervous.
21. The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.
此句需要一個(gè)副詞來修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞，表努力，因此把 hardly 改為hard.
22. This shirt is more cheaper than that one.
more只構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，而不能修飾比較級(jí)。因此把more去掉。
23. He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
兩者相比較時(shí)，比較級(jí)前用定冠詞，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改為more.
24. He works less harder than he used to.
表不如…...時(shí)用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，因此把harder改為hard.
25. The book is fairly more interesting than that one.
fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，可以修飾比較級(jí)的副詞或短語有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改為rather.
26. This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.
as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應(yīng)改為as interesting a story as the one.
27. The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應(yīng)改為The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
28. I would rather take a train than went by bus.
這個(gè)詞組為would rather do… than do…，因此把went改為go.
29. Is there interesting anything at the meeting?
修飾anything, something, everything, nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。
30. I never have seen such a person before.
像never之類的副詞在句中應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。因?yàn)閼?yīng)改為I have never seen such a person before.
31. The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing意為值得被做。因此改為The book is worth reading.
32. It is sure that he will succeed.
sure的主語只能為人，而certain的主語可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain.
33. He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.
alive 為表語形容詞，偶爾也做后置定語。因此把a(bǔ)live改為living，或把a(bǔ)live 放在writers后面。
34. I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.
yet用于否定和疑問句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改為already.
35. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly不與否定詞用在同一個(gè)句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost。
05
介詞
36. He usually goes to school by his father’s car.
by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應(yīng)用除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in.
37. Please wait me at the school gate.
wait為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語。
38. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with連用，應(yīng)把with改為to。
39. I finished the work on time under the help of him.
“在...…的幫助下”用with而不用under。
06
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
40. He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.
表特別有把握的肯定判斷時(shí)用must，因此把can 改為must。
41. He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)need用在否定，疑問和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)則可以。所以應(yīng)改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
42. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用來表示過去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不了，所以應(yīng)把后半句改為：but now he is not doing so.
43. I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以在談?wù)撨^去的事情時(shí)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。
44.You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 后面加not。
07
時(shí)態(tài)
英語的常用時(shí)態(tài)有十六種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語來確定時(shí)態(tài)。
45. I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句為將來時(shí)，其時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此將will come改為comes。
46. The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
47. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此處look并非伴隨狀語，而是三個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，因此把looking 改為looked。
48. I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
當(dāng)句中有for加一段時(shí)間作狀語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此處把bought改為kept。
49.I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.
我來這兒已經(jīng)是過去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。因此應(yīng)把haven’t改為hadn’t。
08
語態(tài)
及物動(dòng)詞用在主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要有賓語，因此可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能接賓語，因此無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
50. The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以把 been去掉。
51. The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“現(xiàn)在正在建的”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此在built 前加being。
52. He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意短語動(dòng)詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞。“給...…做手術(shù)”應(yīng)為operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。
53. I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上，應(yīng)在sent 后加上for。
54. The book written by him is sold well.
說一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性，因此不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句應(yīng)改為：The book written by him sells well.
55. This history book is worthy reading.
“值得被做”可以有如下幾種說法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句可改為：This history book is worthy to be read.
09
非謂語動(dòng)詞
56. We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此處為分詞作定語，問題應(yīng)該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。
57. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“給...…穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語修飾girl, girl與dress是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此把herself去掉。
58. Being seriously ill, his classmates sent him to hospital.
分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語為這句話的主語，此句應(yīng)為“因?yàn)樗×耍耐瑢W(xué)才把他送到醫(yī)院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill.
59. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定應(yīng)把not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面，所以前半句應(yīng)改為：Not having seen her for many years.
60. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是這句話的主語，此句中地球應(yīng)該被看，所以把Seeing 改為Seen。
61.English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作原因狀語修飾easy, English應(yīng)該是learn的邏輯賓語，所以把it去掉。
62. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達(dá)法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
63. She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應(yīng)改為：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
64.It’s better to laugh than crying.
表比較時(shí)比較的雙方應(yīng)為同種結(jié)構(gòu)，或都是名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.
66. It’s no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是沒用的要說成It’s no use doing，所以把to send 改為sending。
67. She practices to play the piano after school every day.
practise 后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，因此把to play 改為playing。
68. When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing 為停止做這件事，而stop to do 為停下來正在做的事去做這件事。所以后半句應(yīng)該為：he stopped to listen to the teacher.
2
學(xué)好英語有哪些竅門
如果能夠接觸到不一樣的語言環(huán)境，對(duì)你學(xué)習(xí)英語會(huì)很有幫助，最好是能夠到說英語的人多的地方去交流學(xué)習(xí)，如果每天早上我們聽到的都是英語，經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月，我們的英語也會(huì)見長很多，我們一定要去學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，也就是要大量的積累單詞和詞匯，現(xiàn)在有很多人會(huì)寫英語但是不會(huì)說，也有很多人會(huì)說，但是不認(rèn)識(shí)英語單詞，這兩種人，其實(shí)都是要學(xué)習(xí)，只有兩者都兼顧了，我們的英語才算真的學(xué)好了。、
每天可以堅(jiān)持看一個(gè)外國的電影，每天堅(jiān)持去看，去幫助孩子們學(xué)習(xí)，其實(shí)所有的學(xué)習(xí)都一樣，我們要從學(xué)習(xí)中找到適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法，多聽聽別人是怎么學(xué)習(xí)的。
