英語寫作中最易犯的68個(gè)錯(cuò)誤
2019-01-14 17:42:39三好網(wǎng)
一. 名詞
寫作中，學(xué)生們常把握不好名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉，因?yàn)閍dvice是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語中卻是不可數(shù)的，表示數(shù)量時(shí)在其前加a piece of，類似的詞有：news， bread， work， paper， chalk， furniture， information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞，或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks.
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car， 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如My family is a happy one； 如強(qiáng)調(diào)集合中每個(gè)個(gè)體的個(gè)人行為，則用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞。此處看電視是個(gè)體行為，應(yīng)把is改為are。類似的詞有：team， class， audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學(xué)階段以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞中有四個(gè)詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加es，它們是tomato， potato， Negro， hero； 其余的都加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
6．This has nothing to do with their believes.（這和他們的信仰沒關(guān)系。）
以f， fe 結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般去f， fe 加ves，如knife—knives， thief—thieves； 而roof 和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。所以應(yīng)把believes改為beliefs.
二. 冠詞
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個(gè)音標(biāo)，如為元音用an，為輔音用a。useful的第一個(gè)音是輔音所以應(yīng)把a(bǔ)n改為a。類似的，我們說a European country.
8．Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不能單獨(dú)放在句中，應(yīng)在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，而本句后有a machine， 因此只能在其前面加a，變?yōu)锳 plane。
9．He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a(bǔ) 改為the ，因?yàn)闃菲髑坝枚ü谠~。
10．The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in后加the，因?yàn)楸硎灸甏胕n加the再加幾十的復(fù)數(shù)，如在八十年代in the 80s。
11．Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the，因?yàn)楸硎窘煌ǚ绞接胋y直接加交通工具。
三. 代詞
使用代詞時(shí)請(qǐng)注意其單、復(fù)數(shù)，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
12．He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定語從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句中的指示代詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)把his改為their。
13． Whom do you think has left the lights on？
放在疑問句特殊疑問詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分，把它們?nèi)サ艉螅蓡栐~在句中做主語用主格，做賓語用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語，應(yīng)把Whom改為Who。
14．The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的賓語，應(yīng)把I 改為me。
15．These books are mine； those in the bag are her.
Her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應(yīng)該加名詞books，或把her 改為hers。
四. 數(shù)詞
16．There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)后不加s，前面沒有具體數(shù)字時(shí)在其后加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students（兩百個(gè)學(xué)生），hundreds of students（成百上千個(gè)學(xué)生）。例句中應(yīng)把hundreds 改為hundred。
17．Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍數(shù)關(guān)系的as---as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。因此把larger改為large.
18．Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
幾個(gè)單詞由連字符連接而組成的復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù)，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word.
19．Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英語表達(dá)中分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時(shí)分母后要加s，所以就把third 改為thirds.
五. 形容詞和副詞
形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)。
20．The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。所以把nervously改為nervous.
21．The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.
此句需要一個(gè)副詞來修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞，表努力，因此把 hardly 改為hard.
22．This shirt is more cheaper than that one.
More只構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，而不能修飾比較級(jí)。因此把more去掉。
23．He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
兩者相比較時(shí)，比較級(jí)前用定冠詞，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改為more.
24．He works less harder than he used to.
表不如… 時(shí)用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，因此把harder改為hard.
25．The book is fairly more interesting than that one.
fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，可以修飾比較級(jí)的副詞或短語有：much， even， still， far， a lot， a little， a bit， any， no， by far， rather等，因此把fairly改為rather.
26．This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.
as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應(yīng)改為as interesting a story as the one.
27．The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應(yīng)改為The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
29．I would rather take a train than went by bus.
這個(gè)詞組為would rather do … than do …，因此把went改為go.
30．Is there interesting anything at the meeting？
修飾anything， something， every-thing， nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。
31．I never have seen such a person before.
像never之類的副詞在句中應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。因?yàn)閼?yīng)改為I have never seen such a person before.
32．The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing 意為值得被做。因此改為The book is worth reading.
33．It is sure that he will succeed.
sure 的主語只能為人，而certain的主語可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain.
34．He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.
alive 為表語形容詞，偶爾也做后置定語。因此把a(bǔ)live改為living，或把a(bǔ)live 放在writers后面。
35．I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.
yet 用于否定和疑問句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改為already.
36．He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly 不與否定詞用在同一個(gè)句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost.
六. 介詞
37．He usually goes to school by his father’s car.
by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car， by bus， by plane等；如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應(yīng)除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in.
38．Please wait me at the school gate.
wait為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語。
39．He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with連用，應(yīng)把with改為to。
40．I finished the work on time under the help of him.
“在…的幫助下”用with而不用under。
七. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
41．He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.
表特別有把握的肯定判斷時(shí)用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時(shí)用can， can表判斷時(shí)只用在否定句中。因此把can 改為must。
42．He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)need用在否定，疑問和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)則可以。所以應(yīng)改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
43．He used to get up very early in the morning， and now he is still doing so.
used to 用來表示過去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不了，所以應(yīng)把后半句改為：but now he is not doing so.
44．I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以在談?wù)撨^去的事情時(shí)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。
45．You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 后面加not.
八. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
英語的常用時(shí)態(tài)有十六種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語來確定時(shí)態(tài)。
46．I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句為將來時(shí)，其時(shí)間、條件、方式和讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此將will come改為comes。
47．The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
48．The boy opened his eyes for a moment， looking at the captain and then died.
此處look并非伴隨狀語，而是三個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，因此把looking 改為looked。
49．I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
當(dāng)句中有for加一段時(shí)間作狀語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此處把bought改為kept。
50．I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.
我來這兒已經(jīng)是過去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。因此應(yīng)把haven’t改為hadn’t
九. 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
及物動(dòng)詞用在主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要有賓語，因此可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能接賓語，因此無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
51．The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以把 been去掉。
52．The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“現(xiàn)在正在建的”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此在built 前加being。
53．He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意短語動(dòng)詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞。“給…做手術(shù)”應(yīng)為operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。
54．I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上，應(yīng)在sent 后加上for。
55．The book written by him is sold well.
說一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性，因此不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句應(yīng)改為：The book written by him sells well.
56．This history book is worthy reading.
“值得被做”可以有如下幾種說法：be worth doing； be worthy of being done； be worthy to be done. 因此本句應(yīng)該為：This history book is worthy to be read.
十. 非謂語動(dòng)詞
57．We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此處為分詞作定語，問題應(yīng)該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。
58．The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“給…穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語修飾girl， girl應(yīng)是它的邏輯賓語，因此把herself去掉。
59．Being seriously ill， his class-mates sent him to hospital.
分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語為這句話的主語，此句應(yīng)為“因?yàn)樗×耍耐瑢W(xué)才把他送到醫(yī)院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill.
60．Having not seen her for many years， we could hardly recognize her.
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定應(yīng)把not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面，所以前半句應(yīng)改為：Not having seen her for many years.
61．Seeing from the space， the earth looks like a ball.
分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是這句話的主語，此句中地球應(yīng)該被看，所以把Seeing 改為Seen。
62．English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作狀語修飾easy， English應(yīng)該是learn的邏輯賓語，所以把it去掉。
63．I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達(dá)法：make sb do sth； have sb do sth； get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
64．She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應(yīng)改為：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
65．It’s better to laugh than crying.
表比較時(shí)比較的雙方應(yīng)為同種結(jié)構(gòu)，或都是名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.
