高三英語教案：《介詞與介詞短語復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計

　　本文題目：高三英語復(fù)習(xí)教案：介詞與介詞短語復(fù)習(xí)教案

　　【備考策略】

　　一、介詞和介詞短語

　　介詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨作句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞(相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類短語或從句)構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句中充當(dāng)某一個成分。介詞短語在句中可充當(dāng)狀語，表語，定語及補語等成分。

　　How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!

　　Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

　　With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

　　二、連詞

　　連詞是用來連接詞、短語、從句或句子的一種虛詞不能獨立擔(dān)任句子成分。

　　按詞義及其句法作用，連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。常見的并列連詞有and, but, or, not only...but also, yet, either...or...等。常見的從屬連詞有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。

　　I saw Bob play the piano at John's party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant.

　　Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.

　　Please follow your supervisor's instructions, or you'll offend him.

　　一、介詞和介詞短語

　　在高考試題中對介詞的考查主要集中在常見介詞搭配中。如：

　　1.for為了;因為

　　I apologised to the teacher for my being late.

　　For some reason, I refused his invitation.

　　2.without 沒有

　　He came in without his manager's permission.

　　I wouldn't have finished the task without your help.

　　3.by 借助于某種手段

　　The old man earned his living by selling fruits.

　　4.over “在正上方(但未接觸);超過”，多表示年齡，距離或跨越一定的高度

　　You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt.

　　The plane can fly over the mountain.

　　5.beyond 超越(界限、范圍、限度)，可指時間或程度

　　It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.

　　6.across 表示從空間表面上橫穿。through 表示從人體或物體的內(nèi)部穿過，也可指抽象意義上的通過。

　　He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.

　　7.besides“除……之外”，其賓語包括在內(nèi)。

　　except“除了”，其賓語不包括在內(nèi)。

　　except for強調(diào)整體中的細(xì)節(jié)，前后事物不屬于同類。

　　but常和except互換，強調(diào)不在其中。

　　but for“要不是”，往往用在虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句中。

　　Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday.

　　The article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.

　　二、連詞

　　對連詞的考查，近年高考主要集中在對從屬連詞和并列連詞的考查上。對從屬連詞的考查主要集中在對其在不同從

　　句中的不同用法的考查;對并列連詞的考查主要集中在對其

　　連接并列成分的用法以及特點上。

　　1.并列連詞

　　(1)and, or和but

　　I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest.

　　Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.

　　—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

　　—I'd like to, but I'm too busy.

　　(2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且

　　She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

　　Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

　　(3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”; both...and...“兩者都”;either...or...“不是……就是……”

　　Neither you nor he is to blame.

　　Either you or I am right.

　　(4)not...but... 不是……而是……

　　They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a

　　human being.

　　(5)for 因為

　　He is absent today, for he is ill.

　　注意：for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間。

　　(6)so, therefore因此

　　He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.

　　2.從屬連詞主要應(yīng)用在各種狀語從句中。

　　考點解析

　　直接考介詞的高考題也許并不象別的那樣語法題目多，但是介詞卻是考生最容易犯錯誤的語法項目之一。因此，通過高考題目對介詞的考查的具體分類分析，來了解一下介詞的句法功能和常考的容易混淆的介詞還是很有必要的。

　　一、對介詞句法功能的考查：

　　點撥：介詞構(gòu)成的短語，可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語等;介詞有時在句子中活用為副詞，充當(dāng)狀語。

　　【高考鏈接】The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;______，it caused 20 deaths.

　　A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides

　　解析：答案D。句意：颶風(fēng)毀壞了很多的住房和商廈;另外，還造成20人死亡。besides這里用作副詞，作狀語，表“而且……，另外……，再說……”。

　　【高考鏈接】I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______.( A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

　　解析：答案為A。 with后接復(fù)合賓語中的“動詞+V-ing形式 ”作賓補。

　　【高考鏈接】Banging (猛推)open her door into mine , the driver shouted back : “Make me!” ___ this she stepped out of the garage.

　　A. For B. With C. From D. Upon

　　解析：答案為B。with this 隨著這句話語。她一邊說，一邊走出了車庫。

　　【高考鏈接】I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______ , the walk will do me good.

　　A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides

　　解析：答案為D。在這里介詞besides 活用為副詞，作狀語，意思是“而且… …，另外… …，再說… …”。句子的意思是：另外，步行對我對我有好處。

　　【高考鏈接】I wanted two seats _______ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.

　　A. of B. about C. to D. for

　　解析：答案為D。表示某個的電影座位(票)，英語用介詞for作定語。注意介詞of 表示所屬關(guān)系，意思是“ … …的”。電影與座位(票)之間構(gòu)不成所屬關(guān)系。

　　二、對常用介詞的辨析：

　　點撥：介詞用法多且復(fù)雜，相近的意思又可以有不同的介詞表示，介詞更著重與動詞、形容詞和其他從句結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查，所以要根據(jù)語境和交際條件靈活運用介詞;同時對常用的介詞要重點進(jìn)行區(qū)別整理。

　　【高考鏈接】There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______.( A. between B. through C. across D. beyond

　　解析：答案為B。get through 穿過，通過。門上站著許多人，這個小姑娘無法穿過。

　　【高考鏈接】He suddenly saw Sue _____ the room. He pushed his way ____ the crowd of people to get to her

　　A. across, across B. over, through C. over, into D. across, through

　　解析：答案為D。across指在空間上從一端到另一端。Through 著重從物體中間穿過。

　　【高考鏈接】―????When do we need to pay the balance? ― September 30. (A. In B. By C. During D. Within

　　解析：答案B。“by+時間點”表示“到某時間為止，不遲于某時間”。

　　【高考鏈接】We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ______ chance. A. of B. in C. for D. by

　　解析：答案D。本題考查固定習(xí)語中介詞的用法。by chance = by accident 意為“偶然”。

　　三、對介詞短語搭配的考查：

　　介詞常和某些形容詞、動詞和名詞聯(lián)合運用，形成固定搭配，表示各種不同的意思，只要記住這些固定搭配，準(zhǔn)確把握詞組的語義，這類題目應(yīng)該不是太難。

　　【高考鏈接】Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _____ his mind.

　　A. on B. in C. with D. at

　　解析：答案為A。本題主要考查mind 之前不同介詞的用法。be on one’s mind 和have something on one’s mind表示“(使某人)為某事?lián)鷳n”，如：My deputy has resigned , so I have got a lot o my mind just now.而bear/keep somebody/something in mind 表示“記住某人/事”。

　　【高考鏈接】The classroom is big enough ______, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.

　　A.for the moment B.on the moment C.in a moment D.for a moment

　　解析：答案為A。for the moment暫時。根據(jù)we'll have to move if we have more students可判斷出教室暫時可容納現(xiàn)有的學(xué)生。for a moment表示一段時間。

　　【高考鏈接】 He got to the station early, ______ missing his train.

　　A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of

　　解析：答案為C。for fear of 為固定搭配，害怕。In case of 萬一;instead of 代替;in search of 搜尋。 句子的意思為因為害怕趕不上火車，所以提前趕到車站。

　　【高考鏈接】The winter of 1990 was extremely bad. ____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.

　　A. At last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result

　　解析：答案為B。in fact “實際上”，進(jìn)一步說明1990年天氣的寒冷。At last 最后;in a word 總而言之;as a result 結(jié)果是。

　　五年高考

　　A組 2012年全國高考題組

　　1.【2012浙江卷】6. all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.

　　A. From B. Of C. For D. With

　　【考點】介詞

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】 two dogs所屬與all animals，故用介詞of表示這種關(guān)系，如：many of us, 我們其中的許多人，故答案B符合語境。From從;for為了;with有，均不符合語境，故排除。

　　2.【2012湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home

　　A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】考查介詞短語辨析。難度中等。

　　【解析】句意為：這套家具款式新潮，色澤明麗，與新式房屋和花園配套，但看起來與傳統(tǒng)的房子和花園不相稱。D項意為“與……不相稱”，符合句意。A項意為“毫無疑問”，B項意為“次序顛倒”，C項意為“看不見”，都與句意不符。

　　3.【2012江蘇卷】29. — Thank God you're safe!

　　—I stepped back, just to avoid the racing car.

　　A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain

　　【考點】介詞短語

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】in time意為“及時”，in case意為“萬一，假使”;in need意為“需要”;in vain意為“徒勞，無濟(jì)于事”。句意為：——謝天謝地，你是安全的!——我走回去，正好避免賽車。符合題意。

　　4.【2012遼寧卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.

　　A. to B. for C. off D. out

　　【考點】介詞辨析

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】off 意思是“離開...,隔著...”，表示與……隔著一定的距離。

　　5.【2012四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.

　　A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as

　　【答案與解析】 A 本題考查介詞as構(gòu)成的短語用法區(qū)別。A意為“除…之外(還有);和”;B意為“只要”;C意為“與…一樣多”(不用于肯定句);D意為“一…就”。此題句意為：這個培訓(xùn)計劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據(jù)句意選A。

　　6.【2012陜西卷】11.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.

　　A . against B. for C .to D. with

　　【答案】A

　　【考點】考查介詞。

　　【解析】所填介詞與系動詞be構(gòu)成固定句型，意思是：反對，選A。be for支持，贊成;be to到達(dá);be with和……在一起，都與句意不符。

　　7.【2012陜西卷】11.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.

　　A . against B. for C .to D. with

　　【答案】A

　　【考點】考查介詞。

　　【解析】所填介詞與系動詞be構(gòu)成固定句型，意思是：反對，選A。be for支持，贊成;be to到達(dá);be with和……在一起，都與句意不符。

　　8.【2012福建卷】26. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.

　　A. in charge of B. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. for the benefit of

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】考查介詞短語

　　B組 2008-2011年全國高考題組

　　1.【2011浙江卷 5】I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.

　　A. on B. for C. by D. of

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】考查介詞。

　　【解析】語義：我經(jīng)常想做我之前為之受過培訓(xùn)的工作，for表示目的，意為“為了…”，符

　　2.【2011四川卷 8】Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.

　　A. in B. for C. of D. on

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】考查介詞。

　　【解析】on 表示關(guān)于，some books on China意為“關(guān)于中國的一些書”。句意為：“Nick，你在去中國旅行之前最好讀一些關(guān)于中國的書。”故選D。

　　合題意。

　　3.【2011天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.

　　A. below B. of C. on D. above

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】考察介詞。

　　【解析】句意為：他是一個好學(xué)生,大多數(shù)科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均數(shù);below average低于平均數(shù);on average平均起來，一般說來。

　　4.【2011福建卷 22】____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.

　　A. Far from B. Apart from C.Instead of D.Regardless of

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】考查介詞短語。

　　【解析】除了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)外，這個飯店提供了不同種類的傳統(tǒng)的福建菜。apart from表“除……以外”，符合語意。far fr om“遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非”;instead of“代替，而不是”;regardless of“不管，不顧”。

　　5.【2011重慶卷 24】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.

　　A. in B. for C. by D. from

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】考查介詞。

　　【解析】句意為“Shirley，一個讀書愛好者，經(jīng)常從圖書館帶些書回家去讀”。

　　6.【2012安徽卷】25. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant _____ life.

　　A. of B. on C. to D. For

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】選擇D是正確的，mean在此表示“預(yù)定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 這份禮物是給你的。 He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本來是準(zhǔn)備把他培養(yǎng)成電工的。

　　7.【2010福建卷】The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.

　　A. before B. until C. as D. since

　　【答案】A

　　【考點】考連詞的使用

　　【解析】根據(jù) “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened “的發(fā)生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含義是：女孩還沒來得及按門鈴, 門就突然打開了。她的朋友們一擁而上去歡迎她。

　　8.【2010上海卷】 our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.

　　A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】本題考查連詞

　　【解析】此句意思是 “除非我們經(jīng)理反對tom加入俱樂部, 不然我們都應(yīng)接受他成為其中一員。”

　　9.【2009北京卷】The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.

　　A. by B. of C. with D. from

　　【答案】C

　　【考點】本題考查介詞。

　　【解析】句意為：這個地區(qū)的白酒業(yè)以一種特殊的方式在發(fā)展著, 具有很少的外國所有權(quán)。with具有, 帶有, 表伴隨。

　　10.【2009北京卷】Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___extra stress.

　　A. it B. them C. one D. him

　　【答案】A

　　【考點】本題考查介詞。

　　【解析】本題較難, 根據(jù)句意, “作為一個父母并非總是一件容易的事, 而作為一個有特殊需求的孩子的父母來說就需要有的額外的壓力。后一分句的正常語序為"being the parent of a child with special needs often carries extra stress with it. it特指being the parent of a child with special needs這件事。”

　　11.【2008浙江卷】Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather.?

　　A. in place of B. as well as? C. except for D. in case of

　　【答案】C

　　【考點】本題考查介詞短語的辨析。

　　【解析】C項except for為肯定整體、除去瘕疵, 后跟名詞。句意為：除了天氣之外, 一切都適合野餐。

　　12.【2008浙江卷】Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem .?

　　A. on purpose B. in all? C. on time D. after all

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】本題考查介詞短語的辨析。

　　【解析】A項為 “故意地”;B項為 “總共”;C項為 “按時”;D項為 “畢竟”。句意為：你為什么如此地焦急?畢竟不是你的問題。

　　三年模擬

　　A組 2012年全國高考模擬題組

　　1.(浙江省余姚中學(xué)2012屆高三第一次質(zhì)檢 4)Water quality _____ the coast of the Bohai Bay has been becoming worse, due to huge waste carried by rivers into the sea.

　　A. off B. on C. in D. at

　　2. (浙江省溫州中學(xué)2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末試題 5)Some officials were arrested and charged ________ neglecting their duties.

　　A. with B. of C. for D. on

　　3. (浙江省溫州中學(xué)2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末試題 18)_____, I’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.

　　A. In the way B. On the way C. By the way D. In a way

　　4.(浙江省臺州市2012屆高三期末質(zhì)量評估試題 11)A new book supermarket was opened right ________ that street, and Mary’s small book store began to suffer.

　　A. by B. off C. across D. from

　　5. (浙江省四校2012屆高三聯(lián)考試題 11) I should apologize to you for failing to visit you last week, but I've been very busy_____ the

　　past few months.

　　A. since B. before C. among D. over

　　6.( 浙江省四校2012屆高三聯(lián)考試題 14)Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts _______ quality,

　　technology and service.

　　A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of

　　7. (浙江省紹興市2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)測 7)To fully understand the poem, we must read not only between the lines, but sometimes the lines.

　　A. beneath B. within C. among D. beyond

　　8.(浙江省任巖松中學(xué)2012屆高三期初五校聯(lián)考 4)China understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them________ technology and finance.

　　A. in spite of B. owing to C. regardless of D. in terms of

　　9.( 浙江省寧波四中2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試題 7) People with fair skins are more _______ of skin cancer.

　　A. at risk B. at coast C. in danger D. in trouble

　　10. (浙江省寧波四中2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試題 19)

　　—I’m sure Harry will remember the meeting, but why not give him a ring just _______?

　　—Sure, I will.

　　A. in time B. in case C. in advance D. at first

　　11. (浙江省臨海市杜橋中學(xué)2012高三12月月考 14)______ our good cooperation over the past years, let’s meet each other half way. I’ll reduce our price by 5%.

　　A. In case B. In view of C. In fear of D. In spite of

　　12.( 浙江省東陽市南馬高中2012屆高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試 7)Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, ______ she ends up doing something wrong.

　　A. as though B. in case C. even if D. for fear

　　B組 2010-2011年全國高考模擬題組

　　1.(寧波市效實中學(xué)2010—2011學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期期中考試 6) their arrival in Australia, Sir Joseph Banks and his team were amazed the exotic plants and set out to record and collect them instantly.

　　A.On;at B.At;by C.With.;about D.Upon;for

　　2.(浙江省富陽場口中學(xué)2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期聯(lián)誼學(xué)校期中考試)Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th ____________ the birth of Jesus Christ.

　　A. in charge of B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of

　　3.( 浙江省紹興一中 2011屆高三英語期中理科試題 26)

　　— Do you like Nack?

　　— Yes, Nack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; _________, I can’t speak too highly of him.

　　A. as a result B. in short

　　C. by the way D. on the contrary

　　4.(2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州十校聯(lián)合體高三期中聯(lián)考 4)Being expos ed for a long time ______ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin.

　　A. to B. under C. in D. over

　　5.(2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州十校聯(lián)合體高三期中聯(lián)考 16) Nowadays, many people walk to work______ Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low—carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.

　　A. in relation to B. in response to

　　C. in addition to D. in opposition to

　　6.(金華一中2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試 4)The home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time.

　　A. from B. in C. of D. at

　　7.( 浙江省長興三中2010屆高三第一次月考 23)The little boy got punished what he had done .

　　A. because B. because of C. since D. as

　　8.( 浙江省長興三中2010屆高三第一次月考 40)浙江省長興三中2010屆高三第一次月考He came here to discuss it with you.

　　A. on purpose B. by chance C. for purpose D. on design

　　9.(浙江省杭州高級中學(xué)2010屆高三上學(xué)期第一次月考 20)To a small and faraway town like this, a car accident is always considered ______ interest, so people soon gathered around.

　　A. as B. of C. by D. in

　　10.(浙江省瑞安中學(xué)2010屆高三暑期總結(jié)性測試 19)It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.

　　A. near B. upon C. within D. around