托�？荚囕o導(dǎo)：中學(xué)生怎樣學(xué)習(xí)托福詞匯？

　　隨著中學(xué)生留學(xué)熱潮的來臨，越來越多的中學(xué)生加入到了"考托"，"考雅"的行列，而孩子們所面臨的第一關(guān)就是詞匯關(guān)，看似龐大而漫無邊際的托福詞匯 和雅思詞匯另許多中學(xué)生對(duì)于托福和雅思考試望而卻步。反之有的學(xué)生則一下子淹沒在背誦單詞的汪洋大海之中，在考試中屢試屢敗。這樣不僅挫傷了學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)英 語勇氣也浪費(fèi)了家長(zhǎng)的金錢和孩子們的時(shí)間。中國(guó)有句古話叫作知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆，考試亦是如此。要想在考試中取得好成績(jī)，就要清楚自己已經(jīng)掌握了什么知識(shí)，還需要補(bǔ)充什么知識(shí)。鑒于這樣 的情況，我們?cè)诜治霈F(xiàn)行的高中英語新課標(biāo)所要求的詞匯，即單詞約3500個(gè)，短語或詞組約360個(gè)的基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)現(xiàn)并建立這些詞匯與托�？荚囁�要求的詞匯的 聯(lián)系。從既是高中要求的詞匯也是托福考試要求的詞匯入手，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從自己已知的東西開始逐步掌握新知識(shí)，為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)單詞鋪設(shè)階梯，這樣既分散了單詞學(xué)習(xí)的 難度，又鞏固了各個(gè)階段的單詞。這樣學(xué)生不僅能輕松面對(duì)高考英語，同時(shí)面對(duì)國(guó)外英語考試的問題也迎刃而解，可謂是一舉兩得。再加上豐富、地道的例句和真題 例示必能助同學(xué)們一臂之力。

　　好，現(xiàn)在就和大家分享一些，我們先"讀"為快吧!

　　n. 放縱，放任

　　He was ecstatic, running around kissing strangers on the street with reckless abandon. 他欣喜若狂，沖上街道恣意親吻遇見的每一個(gè)陌生路人。

　　Instead of allowing himself to give in to abandon, he hid his emotions from everyone in view. 他沒有自我放縱，而是將自己的真實(shí)情感埋入心底，不欲別人察覺。

　　v. 離棄，完全放棄

　　She and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada.(真題)

　　她和她部落不得不離開故土，退入加拿大。

　　He liked the camping spot, but when the bears came he had to abandon it and go camp somewhere else.

　　【擴(kuò)展】abandonment n. 拋棄

　　a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic traditions 一個(gè)拋棄了許多現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)代

　　abandoned adj. 被拋棄的，廢置的【同義】deserted

　　abandoned coal-mines

　　【同義】v. leave , desert, discard, give up

　　n. recklessness

　　abbreviate [ ?'bri:vieit ]

　　v. 1. 縮寫

　　NATO is how you abbreviate the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 北大西洋公約組織常被縮寫成NATO。

　　2. 縮短，使簡(jiǎn)短

　　To abbreviate the speech he had to cut many words out.

　　The director abbreviated the film to let his friends see the shortened version. 導(dǎo)演請(qǐng)他朋友們看的是這部電影他刪節(jié)后的簡(jiǎn)縮版。

　　"I told you to abbreviate this passage, you added three hundred words!"

　　【擴(kuò)展】abbreviation n. 縮寫，縮寫詞

　　abbreviated adj. 簡(jiǎn)短的

　　【同義】 shorten

　　abnormal [ b'n?:m?l ]

　　adj. 反常的，變態(tài)的

　　One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury.(真題)

　　它的一只或兩只翅膀的位置不正常，表明它已受傷了。

　　The abnormal profits were the result of a very good year for their business.

　　Everyone hated him. His classmates called him weird, and his teacher said he was abnormal.

　　I never thought he was that abnormal, he seemed like a typical kid his age. 我從不認(rèn)為他不正常，他看上去和他這個(gè)年齡的孩子一樣。

　　【同義】unusual, exceptional, unnatural

　　abreast [ ?'brest ]

　　adv. 并列地，并排地

　　【搭配】

　　keep abreast of... 與...齊頭并進(jìn)，不落伍

　　Edison kept abreast of recent scientific developments.(真題)

　　We must keep abreast of the weather in order to know whether to evacuate in because of the hurricane. 我們必須隨時(shí)掌握天氣狀況，以判斷在颶風(fēng)臨境的情況下是否需要撤離避難。

　　【同義】side by side

　　adj. 突然的，唐突的，意外的

　　Most paleontologists suspect that abrupt changes in climate led to the mass extinctions.(真題)

　　大部分古生物學(xué)家都猜想是氣候的突變導(dǎo)致了生物大滅絕。

　　The abrupt closing of negotiations meant the standoff would last indefinitely. 談判的突然結(jié)束，表明僵局將無限期的延長(zhǎng)下去。

　　【同義】brusque, curt

　　n. 缺席，缺乏，缺少

　　The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence. 沒有證據(jù)并不是缺席的理由。

　　His absence at the meeting was noticed and did not promote confidence in the company.

　　A nearly complete absence of craters indicates that Europa's surface ice resembles Earth's Antarctic ice cap.(真題)

　　木衛(wèi)二上幾乎沒有環(huán)形山，這一點(diǎn)表明木衛(wèi)二的地面冰與地球南極冰層極其相似。

　　After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips.(真題)

　　把魚風(fēng)干之后，婦女們會(huì)把其中的一些搗碎制成魚粉，這是一種方便攜帶的食品，在缺少鮮魚或在長(zhǎng)途旅行時(shí)的烹飪中可以將其加入湯或燉菜里，可以起到補(bǔ)充蛋白質(zhì)并將湯變得濃稠的作用。

　　【擴(kuò)展】absent adj. 缺席的，缺少的

　　【同義】lack

　　absolutely [ 'bs?lu:tli ]

　　adv. 完全地，絕對(duì)地

　　These new rules are absolutely ridiculous.

　　We have absolutely no way to confirm what he said. 我們完全沒有辦法證明他所說的話。

　　The beaver is absolutely industrious.(真題)

　　水獺是一種非常勤勞的動(dòng)物。

　　【同義】completely, utterly, totally

　　v. 1. 吸收

　　One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays.(真題)

　　淺色的外表是一種適應(yīng)方式，這樣可以反射太陽光而不吸收其熱量。

　　This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms.(真題)這種伽瑪射線被原子吸收。

　　2. 使全神貫注 The little child was absorbed in that picture book.

　　【同義】take in, sop up;engross, enthrall

　　absorbent adj. 能吸收的 n. 吸收劑

　　The towel he used to clean up the mess was very absorbent.

　　absorbed adj. 全神貫注的

　　He stopped and watched with amusement to see the child so absorbed in a crowd of ants.

　　他停下來，饒有興趣地看那個(gè)正全神貫注盯著一群螞蟻的小孩。

　　abstract [ 'bstrkt ]

　　adj. 1. 抽象的

　　He could not understand the abstract ideas presented in the theoretical course.

　　2. 抽象派的

　　She achieved an abstract simplicity in her paintings.(真題)

　　她的繪畫有抽象派的簡(jiǎn)潔風(fēng)格。

　　Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations.(真題)

　　具象派主題大部分取代了早期的抽象派裝飾風(fēng)格。

　　【擴(kuò)展】abstracted adj. 抽象的，心不在焉的

　　abstraction n. 抽象化，抽象概念

　　The issue had to be discussed in detail and not in abstraction.

　　【同義】unconcrete, conceptual; nonrepresentational

　　absurd [ ?b's?:d ]

　　adj. 荒唐的，可笑的

　　It was an absurd situation that no one understood.

　　Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd.(真題)

　　堂吉訶德讓騎士精神看起來很荒唐可笑。

　　【擴(kuò)展】absurdity n. 荒唐，謬論

　　The absurdity of having a five year old comment on the news was comic. 把對(duì)一條新聞的評(píng)論保存了五年，這個(gè)荒唐的事實(shí)是很可笑的。

　　【同義】ridiculous, nonsensical, ludicrous

　　abundant [ ?'b?nd?nt ]

　　adj. 豐富的，充裕的

　　There was an abundant supply of iron ore in the ground.

　　"In Europe", said, Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant."(真題)"在歐洲，"托馬斯·杰佛遜說，"目標(biāo)是最大限度地利用他們充裕的土地和勞動(dòng)力"。

　　Irons, stony-irons, chondrites, and achondrites are by no means equally abundant among observed meteorites.(真題)鐵礦、隕鐵石、球粒狀隕石及無球粒隕石在可觀測(cè)到的隕石中絕不多見。

　　【搭配】abundant in...

　　【擴(kuò)展】abundance n. 充分，充足

　　The abundance of natural resources is an advantage for any countries.

　　abundantly adv. 豐富地，充裕地

　　【同義】rich, plentiful

　　academy [ ?'kd?mi ]

　　n. 研究會(huì)，學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體，專門院校

　　【點(diǎn)睛】Academy是古希臘著名哲學(xué)家柏拉圖從事教學(xué)活動(dòng)的一處林園，被稱為學(xué)園，由一傳說中的英雄Akademos命名，后代的教學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)沿用此名。

　　The Academy in Athens was a place of great learning. 雅典科學(xué)院是學(xué)習(xí)的好地方。

　　The unruly boy was sent to a military academy to learn discipline.

　　She was honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.(真題)

　　她的一生都浸潤(rùn)在美國(guó)文學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院頒發(fā)給她的威廉姆·迪恩·豪威爾斯獎(jiǎng)的光輝之下。

　　【擴(kuò)展】academic adj. 學(xué)院的，學(xué)術(shù)的

　　They had to discard all that was academic so that the new could be discovered. 他們不得不丟棄所有學(xué)院派的東西，以便能發(fā)現(xiàn)一些新的東西。

　　academician n. 學(xué)者，學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員

　　accelerate [ ?k'sel?reit ]

　　v.(使)加速，加快

　　It accelerated the inherent instability of urban life.(真題)

　　What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.(真題)

　　發(fā)生的一切加速了演變，而不是徹底的革命。

　　【擴(kuò)展】acceleration n. 加速，加速度

　　with the acceleration of industrial growth

　　The car had excellent acceleration.

　　【同義】increase, quicken, speed up

　　【反義】decelerate v. 減速 deceleration n. 減速

　　When entering the highway you should accelerate, not decelerating the car.

　　access [ 'kses ]

　　n. 通路，進(jìn)入

　　His job in the music business gave him access to many rock stars.

　　Cheap rail travel permitted easy and quick access to the countryside or seashore.(真題)

　　人們乘坐便宜的火車可以到達(dá)鄉(xiāng)下或海灘，既方便又快捷。

　　v. 使用，訪問，存取(數(shù)據(jù))

　　It is difficult to access this web page with a slow connection.

　　【同義】opportunity; approach

　　adj. 易接近的，可得到的，可進(jìn)入的

　　The remote area was only accessible by plane.

　　The scientific book was written so as to be accessible to the general public.

　　這本科技書寫的通俗易懂，讓大眾也能看明白。

　　Each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day.(真題)

　　在那時(shí)每個(gè)(種植園)都有可供小型船只�？康拇a頭

　　【擴(kuò)展】accessibility n. 可得到，容易得到

　　【同義】available

　　【反義】inaccessible adj. 難接近的，不可達(dá)到的，不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)的 inaccessible areas

　　accord

　　n. 1. 一致，符合，調(diào)和

　　Having earlier signed the contract, he gave the money of his own accord.

　　他在先前已簽訂了合同，支付了相應(yīng)的那部分款項(xiàng)。

　　The photos show that the posture of the cat is in perfect accord with Newton's laws.(真題)

　　照片上拍攝到的貓的姿勢(shì)與牛頓定理完全符合。

　　The total spin remains zero, in perfect accord with Newton's laws.(真題)

　　2. 協(xié)議，條約

　　After many years of warfare they signed the accord, and there was peace.

　　Implementation of the accord's provisions is up to the good will of the signatories. 條約是否能被執(zhí)行，取決于簽約國(guó)家的誠意。

　　v. 與...一致，配合

　　You should accord him all the respect you would give me. 你要像尊重我一樣全力配合他。

　　【擴(kuò)展】according adv. (~ to)根據(jù)，按照

　　accordingly adv. 因此，從而，相應(yīng)地

　　【同義】agreement

　　accompany

　　v. 1. 陪伴

　　Peter wanted to accompany his girlfriend to the train station.

　　2. 伴隨

　　Religious themes in art would accompany the traditional secular themes.(真題)

　　在藝術(shù)界，宗教主題總伴隨著傳統(tǒng)的世俗主題。

　　3. 為...伴奏

　　We can accompany his singing on piano.

　　【擴(kuò)展】accompanying adj. 伴隨的，陪伴的

　　The Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger.(真題)

　　曼丹人使自己免受因糧食歉收而產(chǎn)生饑荒的危險(xiǎn)。

　　accompaniment n. 伴奏，伴隨物

　　He wrote musical accompaniment for the play.

　　【同義】attend

　　accomplish

　　v. 達(dá)到，完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)

　　He was able to accomplish much with limited resources.

　　It is hard to accomplish great things without a strong work ethic.

　　沒有強(qiáng)大的職業(yè)道德作支持，很難完成偉大的事業(yè)。

　　Human labor could still accomplish as much work as the first machines.(真題)

　　人類勞動(dòng)力依然能完成與第一代機(jī)械同樣多的工作。

　　【擴(kuò)展】accomplished adj. 多才多藝的，有才華的【同義】all-around

　　accomplished musicians

　　accomplishment n. 成就，造詣

　　The resume listed his many accomplishments. 簡(jiǎn)歷中列出了他的許多成就。

　　【同義】reach, achieve, complete, realize