每周一練:動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)(一)
來源:智康1對1 2014-09-30 13:13:20
動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)(一)
時態(tài):表示動作發(fā)生或存在狀態(tài)以及表現(xiàn)方式的一種動詞形式。
語態(tài):用來說明主語和謂語之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。
主動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或行為的主體;
被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者或行為的對象
英語中,在不同時間,以不同的方式發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)要用動詞的不同形式表現(xiàn)出來,動詞的這些不同形式構(gòu)成了動詞的時態(tài)。一般來說,發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的事情用現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)進(jìn)行描述,發(fā)生在過去的事情,用過去的時態(tài)進(jìn)行描述,將要發(fā)生的事情用將來的時態(tài)進(jìn)行描述。英語中的時態(tài)共計16種,常用的有12種。
在高中階段,我們將會主要學(xué)習(xí)到的時態(tài)有:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。本次課我們主要講解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時以及一般將來時
一.一般現(xiàn)在時
1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定形式:
①be動詞:am/is/are
、谛袨閯釉~:動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)。
否定形式:
、賏m/is/are+not
②don't/doesn't+動詞原形+……
一般疑問句:
、侔裝e動詞放于句首
、贒o/Does+…+動詞原形+…?
特殊疑問句:
特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
2.一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:
3.基本用法:
、 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語有:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays等。
例:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
② 表示客觀真理,客觀存在或科學(xué)事實,以及格言或名言警句中。如:
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
③ 表示愛好、能力、性格、個性。
I like Chinese food.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
4. 特殊用法
、 一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時
1. 時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如:when, before, after, till, once, as soon as, if, in case (that), unless,等。
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。I will call you as soon as I go back home. 我一到家就給你電話。
注:1. 可以代替as soon as表示一……就的詞語:the moment、the minute、immediately、instantly
2. 主句部分除了用一般將來時,還可以用祈使句以及情態(tài)動詞
例:If you have any problem, please contact me. (主祈從現(xiàn))
If you have any problem, you can contact me.(主情從現(xiàn))
3. not…until用法總結(jié):
A. sb didn't do sth until sb did sth.
I didn't go home until I finished my homework yesterday. 我昨天直到完成作業(yè)才回家
B. sb won't do sth until sb do/does sth.(主將從現(xiàn))
I won't leave until you come tomorrow. 我明天會直到你過來才會離開。
練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子
1. 昨天修理完桌椅后,我們才回家。
答案:We didn't go home until we finished repairing desks and tables.
2. 有時候,直到珍貴的時刻成為了回憶,你才會真正認(rèn)識到它的價值所在。
答案:Sometimes, you won't know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory.
2. 用于表示較固定的,按計劃、規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作,但只限于begin, come, go, leave, arrive, stop, return, close, open, take, start, take place 等少數(shù)動作。
例:The train leaves Beijing at six and arrives at Jinan at nine.
、 一般現(xiàn)在時代替進(jìn)行時
句型:Here comes… ; There goes…
例:Look, here comes Mr. Li.
There goes the bell.
二. 一般過去時
1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定形式:
① be動詞:was / were …
、 行為動詞:動詞的過去式
否定形式:
、 was/ were + not
、 didn't +動詞原形
一般疑問句:
① was或were放于句首
、 Did + … + 動詞原形……?
特殊疑問句:
特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
2. 動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成:
規(guī)則動詞的變化:
規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。
3. 用法
、 表示過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常用的時間狀語有l(wèi)ast year, yesterday, just now, in +過去年份, a few years ago, in the past.
例:Yesterday, I saw my friends off at the airport.
、 表示過去的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài),常用的時間狀語有always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never等
例:I always got up late and never had enough time for breakfast when I was a child.
三. 一般將來時
結(jié)構(gòu)+用法
、 "will/ shall + 動詞原形"構(gòu)成將來時,表示將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。shall僅用于第一人稱I/we作主語,而will 則用于各種人稱。常用于將來時的時間狀語有:next time, tomorrow, this afternoon, before long,in the future, soon, the day after tomorrow.
例:I shall visit my teacher when I go to Beijing.
、 "be going to + 動詞原形",表示打算、計劃、安排做某事。
例:We are going to hold a sports meet next weekend.
、 begin, leave, arrive, start, finish, meet, return等動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時,表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事。(時刻表)
例:Flight 55 leaves at six p.m.
、 leave, go, come, stay, do, take, have 等動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,表示按計劃或準(zhǔn)備要做某事。
例:She is leaving early tomorrow morning. 明天她很早就出發(fā)。
、 "be to + 動詞原形",表示即將發(fā)生某事、安排做某事或要求做某事。
例:The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow.
、 "be about + to+動詞原形",表示即將發(fā)生某事,不與具體的將來時間狀語連用
例:Hurry up! The train for Shanghai is about to start.
注意:1. shall/will do和be going to do的區(qū)別
shall/will do表示一種趨勢或習(xí)慣性動作,或預(yù)言將要發(fā)生的事,或表示臨時性打算等。
Fish will die without water.(趨勢)
He will sit there doing nothing for hours.(習(xí)慣動作)
We haven't seen each other for a long time. Shall we have a dinner tonight?(臨時性的打算)
be going to do表示提前計劃、安排好的事情,或者表示有跡象發(fā)生
We are going to have a meeting at 8:00 tomorrow.(計劃、安排)
Look at these clouds! It's going to rain.(跡象發(fā)生事情)
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來的區(qū)別
一般現(xiàn)在時表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生事情的時候主語通常為物(火車、飛機(jī)等-時刻表,有具體的時刻)
The train leaves Beijing at 7:00.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生事情的時候主語通常為人。
They are having a meeting tonight.
練一練
1. 觀察下列例句,將序號填入對應(yīng)用法之后的空白欄中
A. 一般現(xiàn)在時
、 All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
、 The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.
、 Unless it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
、 Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
⑤ He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
⑥ We always care for each other and help each other.
、 She is a teacher.
、 -Do you sing? -A little.
B. 一般過去時
、 I didn't know you bought the present for me.
、 The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.
、 We used to get up at five every morning when we were at school.
、 When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.
⑤ The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
C. 一般將來時
、 If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.
、 If you will wait here, the manager will be back 10 minutes later.
③ We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.
④ He will be thirty years old next year.
、 No one is to leave the cinema without the police's permission
、 The train is about to start.
、 Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.
、 Will we clone a dinosaur?
、 You forgot to turn off the light!-Really, I will go and turn it off.
2. 單項選擇
1. Please give Jim the schedule for tomorrow's conference when he _____ back. He is to chair the conference.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
2. Mr. Brown _____ his office an hour ago and he is still on his way home.
A. left B. leaves C. is leaving D. was leaving
3. Mr. Black ______Shanghai in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane _____ on Sunday?
A. leaves; takes off B. is leaving; takes off
C. is leaving; is taking off D. leaves; is taking off
4. --- Do you have any plans for this Sunday?
--- Yes. I ____ my cousin who has just returned from America.
A. visit B. am visiting C. would visit D was visiting
5. --- I am trying to find yesterday's newspaper. Have you seen it ?
--- I am afraid that I ______ it away .I thought you had finished reading it .
A. threw B. had thrown C. throw D. will throw
6. You can not go out to play unless you ______your homework .
A. finished B. will finish C. finish D. are finishing
7. He looks excited because his parents ___________to her birthday party this weekend .
A. come B. have come C. are coming D. could come
8. ---Have you seen your aunt recently ?
---Yes. I to visit her last night.
A. went B. was going C. has gone D. will go
9. --- Look at that beautiful sky!
--- It looks like it a wonderful day.
A. was B. will be C. is going to be D. would be
10. Donny helped us get the tickets. We __________to Guangzhou next Wednesday.
A. flew B. fly C. are flying D. will have flown
11. Hurry up! The train __________ at 7:00.
A. leaves B. left C. was leaving D. leave
12. It has been well accepted by most English learners that practice _______ perfect.
A. made B. will make C. makes D. make
13. --- How can I apply for an online course?
--- Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.
A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see
14. - Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? - Who _______ it?
A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written
15. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.
A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come
3. 翻譯練習(xí)
① 他并不總是在6點鐘下班,有時他會工作到7點。
___________________________________________________________________________
、 機(jī)會總是青睞有準(zhǔn)備的人。
___________________________________________________________________________
、 如果她來看我,我會很高興。
___________________________________________________________________________
、 那個年輕人把座位讓給了一位老大爺。
___________________________________________________________________________
、 你畢業(yè)之后想要干什么。
___________________________________________________________________________
、 他們明晚出發(fā)去上海。
___________________________________________________________________________
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