2012年北京海淀區(qū)高三一模英語試題解析(5)

　　閱讀理解

　　A

　　How do you feel about watching other people work?

　　Nothing is more refreshing on a warm summer day than watching someone else work.

　　Right now, I’m sitting on my porch and watching young Beth baling (打捆) the big field on top of the hill. She’s been haying that field for over ten years. I know: I put her on the tractor when she was just twelve years old.

　　She picked a great day for baling. It’s not too hot, and there’s a nice breeze. On Monday, when she cut the field, it was so hot I thought the corn would start popping in the field. Didn’t stop her, though. She just stuck that big hat on her head, wrapped a wet handkerchief around her neck, and set to work. I remember when I would have done the same thing.

　　While I’m here sucking a lemonade, Beth is driving the “hay (干草) train”, a tractor pulling a baler and an old wagon. You’d think someone her size would never be able to see over the tractor. But somehow she manages. When she’s finished, her tracks are very straight.

　　The whole time she’s haying, that dog of hers is working just as hard, running along beside her like he’s afraid she’ll drive away without him. Beth sure knew what she was doing when she trained him.

　　The way the machine works is pure poetry. Each row is pushed into shape. When just enough hay is in a bale, it is wrapped up and fastened together. A second or so later, the bale comes flying out and into the old wagon. The person who invented that machine sure was some kind of genius.

　　That’s not to say it works perfectly. Every once in a while a bale misses the mark, especially when you are turning the machine at the end of a row. That means, of course, that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon.

　　I can remember when Beth’s mother was her age. She looked an awful lot like Beth does now. Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves.

　　Well, I suppose I should get up and fill this glass again. Not much fun sitting here with an empty glass.

　　56. We can learn from the passage that at some time in the past the author __________.

　　A. bought the tractor for Beth

　　B. forced Beth to work at an early age

　　C. worked in the field like Beth

　　D. trained the dog to help Beth work

　　答案：C

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段中提到的twelve years old對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的in the past。從put her on the tractor及第三段的最后一句可以推斷出作者當(dāng)時(shí)在地里工作，所以選擇C。A選項(xiàng)購買的信息在這里沒有提到，B選項(xiàng)是負(fù)態(tài)度，所以排除。D選項(xiàng)dog的相關(guān)信息出現(xiàn)在文章第五段，不但細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容不對(duì)，而且作為第一道細(xì)節(jié)題位置上也不甚合理。

　　57. In the eyes of the author, the sight of Beth baling hay is __________.

　　A. uncommon

　　B. beautiful

　　C. unforgettable

　　D. changeable

　　答案：B

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章開頭的refreshing及第六段開頭的pure poetry，可以了解整篇文章的正態(tài)度，所以排除A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)的中性詞。C選項(xiàng)雖然也為正態(tài)度，但一般用于事件結(jié)束之后，而不用在過程中，所以排除。

　　58. Before thrown into the wagon, the hay must be __________.

　　A. tied up

　　B. dried up

　　C. cut up

　　D. lined up

　　答案：A

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第六段的第三句話提到題目的into the old wagon。前面的it is wrapped up and fastened together可以選出同義改寫選項(xiàng)A。注意a second or so later體現(xiàn)題目中要求的先后順序。另外請(qǐng)注意細(xì)節(jié)題一般情況下文題順序一致，這樣可以減少確定答案位置所需的時(shí)間。

　　59. Who do you think is telling this story?

　　A. Beth’s mother.

　　B. Beth’s father.

　　C. Beth’s grandmother.

　　D. Beth’s grandfather.

　　答案：D

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的his daughter and granddaughter直接判斷，沒有任何難度。

　　B

　　If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.

　　While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highways last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.

　　Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.

　　You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!

　　Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible (easily influenced) to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.

　　60. The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that __________.

　　A. one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them

　　B. the media created the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago

　　C. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months

　　D. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings

　　答案：C

　　推斷題。議論文題目必然和文章主旨有直接關(guān)聯(lián)。整篇文章講述關(guān)于Road Rage行車安全的相關(guān)問題，所以排除完全無關(guān)的A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)是media，C選項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)是Road Rage，所以選C選項(xiàng)，與文章內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)。

　　61. The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means __________.

　　A. relieve

　　B. cause

　　C. spread

　　D. prevent

　　答案：B

　　詞匯題。所有詞匯題的思路與完形填空解題思路完全一致。這里提問動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是these factors，即前文中提到的stress壓力、anxiety焦慮和temper脾氣，動(dòng)作承受者是Road Rage，所以答案為B，壓力、焦慮和脾氣造成Road Rage的現(xiàn)象。

　　62. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?

　　A. Talking while driving.

　　B. Driving at high speed.

　　C. Sounding the horn when passing.

　　D. Shouting at another driver.

　　答案：D

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。直接對(duì)應(yīng)文章第四段的細(xì)節(jié)，選出D選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該不難。C選項(xiàng)的細(xì)節(jié)原文中還有程度描述long and hard，A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)則沒有提到，所以排除。

　　63. The last paragraph is intended to __________. []

　　A. tell people how to deal with Road Rage

　　B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be

　　C. show people how to control themselves when angry

　　D. warn people against eye contact with another driver

　　答案：A

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。議論文中只有兩方面重要：作者論點(diǎn)和作者建議。60題提問作者論點(diǎn)，63題則提問作者建議。根據(jù)文章最后一段there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict，可以選出A選項(xiàng)。注意文章最后一段不但提到了如何抑制自己的憤怒，還有如何應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)方的憤怒，所以C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)是片面的。

　　C

　　Security – for the information on your smartphone, as well as for the phone itself – is a hot topic these days. The truth is that you’re packing a lot of sensitive information on your phone, and you should keep it safe.

　　When it comes to physical security, iPhone users would do well to download Find My iPhone, a free app (application program) from Apple that allows you to visit a website and see your (lost, stolen or misplaced) phone on a map. You can then sound an alarm, send a message that will pop up on its screen, lock the phone or erase all your data.

　　Android does not have an exact equivalent, but there are plenty of alternatives. A free app called Lookout offers the find-my-phone feature. The paid version allows you to wipe the data from your phone remotely.

　　Then there is your coffee shop’s WiFi network. Anyone with minimal technical expert skill can snoop on (窺視) people using shared wireless networks, harvesting passwords and other personal data. Lookout’s apps will caution you when you’ve logged on to an unsecure network, but cannot protect you once you’re there.

　　In order to protect yourself on such networks, you can use a virtual private network, or V.P.N. This turns all your activity into nonsense to anyone trying to read along with you from across the Starbucks. It also keeps websites from tracking you and, if you’re traveling, allows you to get access to sites that may be blocked in other countries.

　　If you have an iPhone, the simplest V.P.N. app is probably Hotspot Shield, whose distinguishing feature is said to be that it automatically kicks in each time you start browsing (瀏覽), as opposed to other V.P.N. apps that require you to start them up manually. This matters, because even if you decide you want a V.P.N. app, you want to spend approximately zero time thinking about it. For the most part, that was true of Hotspot Shield, though occasionally it took a while to connect or temporarily lost connection without warning. I found myself having to turn the app on and off sometimes, which involved setting my phone constantly.

　　If even reading about the settings on your phone drives you crazy, then it is probably best to stay away from a V.P.N. app. But if you’re the type who can’t resist checking your bank balance from your corner bar, the hassle may be preferable to the risk.

　　64. Which of the following can warn you against the unsecure network?

　　A. Android.

　　B. V.P.N.

　　C. Lookout.

　　D. Find My iPhone.

　　答案：C

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。直接對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)專有名詞去文章里尋找即可。答案在文章第四段末尾，沒有難度。注意后面就V.P.N.進(jìn)行專門提問，所以此題B選項(xiàng)可能性就不大。

　　65. By using V.P.N., users can __________.

　　A. find their lost phone on the Internet

　　B. erase all the data from the phone remotely

　　C. check their bank balance now and then

　　D. save their browsing from being tracked

　　答案：D

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。C選項(xiàng)是文章最后提到的一個(gè)例子，并非文章重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)的手機(jī)安全問題，所以排除。A選項(xiàng)是Find My iPhone的作用，B選項(xiàng)是Lookout的作用，所以排除。此篇文章為應(yīng)用文，所以題目難度不高。不過話說回來，考學(xué)生這個(gè)題材的文章，命題者是也對(duì)GFW相當(dāng)不滿么？VPN都來了，翻墻也不遠(yuǎn)了吧。

　　66. The underlined word “that” in Para. 6 refers to the fact that __________.

　　A. a V.P.N. app kicks in automatically

　　B. the user starts V.P.N. apps manually

　　C. the app takes a while to connect

　　D. users spend no time thinking about it

　　答案：A

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。此題比較容易誤選成D選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榕R近位置有類似信息，但是注意文章中spend approximately zero time與選項(xiàng)spend no time的區(qū)別。D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)極端表述no，需要特別注意。本段的重要信息在第一句中就直接交代了，即軟件的自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)功能，所以答案為A選項(xiàng)。此題表面上考that的詞匯知識(shí)，實(shí)際上考察的是第六段的段義。

　　D

　　Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.

　　Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.

　　Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.

　　The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.

　　To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.

　　67. It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.

　　A. foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit

　　B. we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods

　　C. it is essential for people to protect their vital organs

　　D. giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle

　　答案：A

　　推斷題。說明文的題目一定和文章的說明對(duì)象有直接關(guān)系，所以做題之前了解本文的說明對(duì)象有重要意義，即raw and whole foods好、cooked and refined foods不好。而第二段中指出，natural enzymes是raw food中重要的成分，好處是什么，破壞了以后壞處是什么。所以根據(jù)這樣的思路，答案為A選項(xiàng)。注意中文注釋再次發(fā)揮極為重要的作用。

　　68. Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.

　　A. destroy body’s cells

　　B. may lead to obesity

　　C. are difficult to digest

　　D. stop body’s metabolism

　　答案：B

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段一開始提到問題中的processed food，所以答案可以輕易的定位至第三段。此段一直提到各種負(fù)態(tài)度描述，所以關(guān)注最后一句的the result is weight gain and obesity，可以很容易的選出答案B選項(xiàng)。此段文章內(nèi)容非常不好理解，但是把握閱讀理解的要求，關(guān)注文章中的重點(diǎn)信息，題目其實(shí)并不難。如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)掘文章中的重點(diǎn)信息，不受大量冗余信息干擾再次很重要，這是閱讀理解考察的主要方向。