2012高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：高考英語(yǔ)詞匯400題及詳解（四）(2)

　　176. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business.

　　A. opportunity B. possibility  C. occasion D. chance

　　[答案]C. occasion

　　[注釋] occasion 作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“時(shí)機(jī)”，作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“必要”，本題中occasion意為“必要”。從句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上看，本句中用opportunity(難得的)機(jī)會(huì)，chance（偶然的）機(jī)會(huì)均可，但按邏輯意思，應(yīng)用occasion.

　　177. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.

　　  A. element   B. spot    C. sense    D. point

　　[答案]D. point.

　　[注釋]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他說(shuō)的不切題。)

　　178. It has always been the _____ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities.

　　A. plan    B. campaign    C. procedure    D. policy

　　[答案]D. policy.

　　[注釋]policy(尤指政黨、政府、大企業(yè)、商行等的)政策，方針。Campaign(政治或競(jìng)選的)運(yùn)動(dòng)；（軍事的）行動(dòng)，procedure做事的手續(xù)、程序，rule規(guī)則，plan計(jì)劃，均不合題意。

　　本題譯文：本公司的一貫方針是鼓勵(lì)工人參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)。

　　179. The climbers _____ their ambition by reaching the summit of the mountain.

　　A. obtained  B. sustained  C. maintained  D. realized

　　[答案]D. realised.

　　[注釋]realise sth. by doing sth. else通過(guò)做......來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn).......。

　　180. I remember her face but I cannot _____ where I met her.

　　A. recall    B. remind    C. remember    D. remark

　　[答案]A. recall.

　　[注釋]recall(=bring back to the mind)想起，回憶起：But I really cann't recall your name at his moment.

　　Remind sb. of ...使......想起：1)The photo reminds me of my late father.(這張照片使我想起已故的父親。) 2)The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.Remind sb. to sth.提醒......做......；Please remind me to write the letter.

　　181. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.

　　   A. purpose    B. intention    C. aim    D. meaning

　　[答案]A. purpose.

　　[注釋]on purpose是介詞習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“故意地”。如用intention,則應(yīng)說(shuō)by intention故意地。

　　182. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.

　　   A. by accident    B. on occasion

　　   C. at random      D. on an average

　　[答案]C. at random.

　　[注釋]at random(=without aim or purpose)隨便地，胡亂地：His clothes were scattered about the room at random.

　　By accident意外地；on occasion偶爾；on an average平均計(jì)算。

　　183. The open university was started in order to help those who _____ having a university education when they were young.

　　   A. stopped    B. failed    C. missed    D. ceased

　　[答案]C. missed.

　　[注釋]miss doing sth.沒(méi)有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(學(xué)校放映那部電影時(shí)，我沒(méi)有能去看。)

　　184. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.

　　   A. shape    B. pattern    C. design    D. model

　　[答案]D. model.

　　[注釋]model此句中意為“（飛機(jī)的）模型”。

　　185. If you _____ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.

　　   A. conduct    B. dismiss    C. grant    D. moderate

　　[答案]D. moderate.

　　[注釋]moderate(=make or become less violent or extreme)節(jié)制，緩和，減輕。

　　186. Don't _____ the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead (許可，準(zhǔn)許).

　　   A. release    B. discard    C. relieve    D. retain

　　[答案]A, release.

　　[注釋]release(=allow news to be published)發(fā)布（新聞）：Details of the scheme have not yet been released to the public.(這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)尚未向公眾發(fā)布。)relieve 1)減輕（痛苦，緊張情緒等）：What will relieve a headache? This will help to relieve our hardship. 2)使放心，使寬慰：The good news relieved us, for we had been very anxious. 3)賑濟(jì)，救濟(jì)：The fund is for relieving distress among the flood victims. 4)relieve...from(of)解除，免除； a. This medicine will help to relieve you from your pain. b. He was relieved of his duties.retain(= keep; continue to have or hold)保持，繼續(xù)保有：1)She retains a clear memory of her schooldays. 2)You must retain your tickets.

　　187. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _____ of vegetables in the coming days.

　　A. rarity   B. scarcity  C. invalidity  D. variety

　　[答案]B. scarcity.

　　[注釋]scarcity(=the state of being scarce)缺乏；不足（指原本充足之物暫時(shí)在數(shù)量上的缺乏）。例如：The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.(水果的供應(yīng)不足是干旱所引起的。)rarity(=sth. uncommon, unusual or sth. valued because rare)珍稀，稀少：Snow is a rarity around the equator.(雪在赤道周?chē)�是罕�?jiàn)之物。)invalidity(=making weak by illness; not suitable for use)無(wú)效性，喪失工作能力。Variety(=difference of condition or quality)變化，多樣化。

　　本題譯文：目前席卷這一地區(qū)的暴風(fēng)雨今后肯定會(huì)引起蔬菜短缺。

　　188. Jack almost fell off the cliff, but managed to _____ until help came.

　　 A. keep on   B. catch on  C. count on    D. hang on

　　[答案]D. hang on.

　　[注釋]hang on(=hold fast, keep hold)牢牢抓住，抓緊不放：Help! I can't hang on much longer.(救命�。∥抑С植蛔±�。)keep on(doing sth.)繼續(xù)（做......）；catch on 理解；count on 指望，依賴。

　　本題譯文：杰克差點(diǎn)從懸崖上掉下來(lái)，但得以抓住不放直到得救。

　　189. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _____ healthy.

　　A. preserve    B. stay    C. maintain    D. reserve

　　[答案]B. stay.

　　[注釋]preserve, stay, maintain, reserve這4個(gè)詞均有“保持”，“維持”之意。stay后可接形容詞作表語(yǔ)：The weather stayed wet for three days.其他3個(gè)詞均為及物動(dòng)詞。Preserve(=keep safe from decay, risk, harm, danger, going bad etc.)保存，保護(hù)：1)Policemen preserve order in the streets.(警察在街上維持秩序。) 2)We must preserve our natural resources.(我們必須保護(hù)自然資源。)3)You paint woodwork to preserve it.(你油漆木制品以防腐爛。)Maintain(=keep up)保持，維持，維修。Reserve(=keep for a special purpose; store)保留，預(yù)定：1)I'll reserve my opinion at his time,(這時(shí)我將保留我的看法。) 2)I'll phone up today and reserve a room.(我今天將打電話預(yù)定一個(gè)房間。)

　　本題譯文：專家們說(shuō)，步行是一個(gè)人保持健康的最好方法之一。

　　190. Expected noises are usually more _____ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.

　　   A. manageable    B. controllable

　　   C. tolerable     D. perceivable

　　[答案]C. tolerable.

　　[注釋]tolerable(=fairly good, not too bad)可忍受的：The pain has become tolerable. manageable可處理的；可管理的；controllable可控制的；perceivable可覺(jué)察的。

　　本題譯文：料想到的嗓音通常情況下比起等量的意外嗓音來(lái)說(shuō)是可以忍受的。

　　191. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _____.

　　   A. above all    B. in all    C. at all    D. after all

　　[答案]C. at all.

　　[注釋]at all全然，真地（常用于肯定句中）：If you do it at all, do it well.(你若真做，就得做好。)not...at all全不，毫不：He doesn't seem at all interested in my plane.(他似乎對(duì)我的計(jì)劃毫無(wú)興趣。)above all(=most important of all)最重要的。in all總計(jì)：We were fifteen in all.(我們總計(jì)15人。)after all畢竟，終究。

　　本題譯文：他是否努力工作到并不重要，問(wèn)題是他是否真正地做了。

　　192. Mary had taken _____ to see that her guests had everything that they could possibly want.

　　   A. efforts    B. pains    C. attempts    D. endeavors

　　[答案]B. pains.                

　　[注釋]take pains to do sth.下苦功夫做某事：I'm grateful because you have taken pains to show me how to do the work.

　　193. He ate what he could, and gave the _____ of the food to the birds.

　　A. remain    B. uneaten    C. rest    D. part

　　[答案]C. reset

　　[注釋]the rest (of)剩余部分，其余。remain作“剩余物”(=what is left)解時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：the remains of a meal(殘羹剩飯)。[ALI]《新英漢辭典》認(rèn)為也可以用單數(shù)，可作參考。

　　194. The government placed _____ on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.

　　   A. limitations     B. restraint

　　   C. requirements    D. restrictions

　　[答案]D. restrictions.

　　[注釋]restriction(可數(shù)名稱)限制性規(guī)定：It is a club with rigid restrictions on its membership.Limitation局限性，不足之處，不利之處（可數(shù)）：1)I know my limitations.(我了解我的不足之處。) 2)Every from of art has its limitations.（每種藝術(shù)形式都有其局限性。）

　　195. We won't know whether it will be successful. We won't know whether there will be good _____.

　　   A. ends    B. results    C. effects    D. causes

　　[答案]B. results.

　　[注釋]result意為“由某種活動(dòng)或某種原因所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果”，如：obtain(=get, attain, gain win, secure)good results（取得好結(jié)果），publish the results（公布成績(jī)）。

　　196. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal.

　　A. respectful B. respectable C. respective  D. respected

　　[答案]B. respectable.

　　[注釋]respectable受到尊敬的。詳見(jiàn)117.注釋。

　　本題譯文：沒(méi)有一個(gè)想象到這個(gè)看起來(lái)令人尊敬的商人竟是一個(gè)罪犯。

　　197. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised.

　　   A. occasionally    B. consequently

　　   C. successively    D. subsequently.

　　[答案]D. subsequently.

　　[注釋]subsequently(=afterwards)隨后，其后。

　　198. The speaker _____ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.

　　   A. held on    B. worked out    C. touched on    D. kept out of

　　[答案]C. touched on

　　[注釋]touch on簡(jiǎn)單談到。參閱Ⅲ.178注釋。

　　199. Comrade Li Dazhao, _____ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.

　　A. sometimes B. sometime  C. some time  D. some times

　　[答案]B. sometime.

　　[注釋]sometime(=former)過(guò)去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there.

　　200. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before.

　　   A. broken off    B. passed off

　　   C. given away    D. passed away

　　[答案]D. passed away.

　　[注釋]pass away(=die)死亡，是“死亡”的委婉語(yǔ)。

　　break off中斷；give away給掉；泄露；pass off中止，中斷。