該怎樣“強(qiáng)調(diào)”才合適——強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和謂語強(qiáng)調(diào)講練

河北省定州市第二中學(xué) 張靜輝
 
 “強(qiáng)調(diào)”在英語教學(xué)中是一個(gè)重要的語法項(xiàng)目，也是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，本文主要從強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和謂語強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)方面對其進(jìn)行闡述。

一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

1. 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句中的某個(gè)成分。

         為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的有些成分，要用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+其他部分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語、狀語，但不能是定語或謂語。這種類型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句主要注意一下幾個(gè)方面：

1）It在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中作主句的主語，所以即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也要用is或was。

e.g. Tom and Mark often come to see me.

It is Tom and Mark Who often come to see me.               （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）

2）如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因也不用when, where, how, why, 而用that；強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who，也可用that。

e.g.（1）They set out the day before yesterday.

It was the day before yesterday that they set out    （強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語）

（2）We put off the sports meet because of the rain.

It was because of the rain that we put off the sports meet  （強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語）

（3）It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.    （強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句）

3）如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞是原句的主語，代詞用主格I, we, he, she...，如果是賓語，則用賓格代詞me, us, him, her…....

e.g.（1）I am leaving for London next week.

It was I that (who) am leaving for London next week.         （強(qiáng)調(diào)人稱代詞主格）

（2）You met me yesterday.

It was me that you met yesterday.           （強(qiáng)調(diào)人稱代詞賓格）

4）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是原句的主語，who或that后面謂語的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)和原句的主語一致。

— Personally, I think it is the salesmanager, rather than the salesgirls, ____ to blame.

 —I agree with you.

A. is    B. that is    C. are    D. who are

 (答案B)

2. 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，只需把is(was)提前。

e.g. (1) Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?

(2) Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?

(3) —Was is two months ago _____ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holiday in Canada?

       — _____. John was the lucky dog..

A. when; Not I    B. when; Not only

C. that; Not all    D. that; Not me                   

(答案D)

3.特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句中的疑問詞。

e.g.  (1) Where did you find the wallet?

Where was it that you found the wallet

(2) When shall we meet?

When is it that we shall meet?

         從上面的例子中我們可以看出，特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句是由“特殊疑問詞+was(is) it that +陳述句”構(gòu)成的。但是當(dāng)含有特殊疑問詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用在賓語從句中的時(shí)候，上述句型應(yīng)改為‘特殊疑問詞+it  was( is) that +陳述句”，即采用陳述句語序。

e.g.  (1) — where was it ____ the road accident happened yesterday?

          — In front of the market.

A. when    B. that    C. which    D. how

(答案D)

(2) I really don’t know _____ you returned the book to me.

          A. when it was that    B. when was it    

C. when was it that    D. when it was

(答案A)

4. 有時(shí)可用It might be ...that ...,和It must have been...that...的句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

e.g. （1）It might be his father that you are looking for.

（2）It must have been his brother that you met.

5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until引導(dǎo)的短語（或從句）表示時(shí)間狀語的句型是：It is(was) not until...+that...+其他部分。

e.g.  （1）He didn’t marry until forty.

It was not until forty that he married.

（2）Mr. Yang did not leave the lab until he got everything ready for the experiment.

            It was not until he had got everything ready for the experiment that Mr. Yang left the lab.

（3）_____ he realized it was too late to return home.

A. Not until dark                 B. It was until dark that

C. It was not until dark that         D. It was dark that                    (答案C)

注意：如果not...until放在句首時(shí)就要用部分倒裝句式，它的語序和在not...until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until引導(dǎo)的短語（或從句）表示時(shí)間狀語的句型中的語序不同。

6. 強(qiáng)調(diào)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別。

        強(qiáng)調(diào)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別可以通過恢復(fù)原句的方式來判斷，即如果把it is...that...去掉后剩下的成分仍然能組成一個(gè)完整的句子，這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。

It is there that accidents often happen.

→ Accidents often happen there.

以上就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是狀語，把it is...that...去掉，還原成后來的非強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

It is clear that not all boys like football.

         上面的句子如果去掉it is...that...后就成了Clear not all the boys like football.很顯然這不是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而是由it作先行詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)主語從句。

7. 其他的一些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was+時(shí)間+since從句，It +時(shí)間+before從句，It is/was+時(shí)間+when從句。

1）It is/was + 時(shí)間 + since …，從……已多久了。在這個(gè)句型中，主句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，since從句用過去時(shí)，表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

e.g.（1）It is five months since I arrived in New York. 我到紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。

（2）It is five months since I was in New York.我離開紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。

注意：例句中five months是作為一個(gè)整體看待的，所以用it is。在這類句子中，終止性動詞表示從動作發(fā)生時(shí)算起；如果是狀態(tài)動詞或持續(xù)性動詞，則從動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。

2）It is + 時(shí)間+ before …。在這個(gè)句型和上面一個(gè)句型中，時(shí)間都是時(shí)間段，如years，five days，twenty minutes等。不過主句的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般將來時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行變化。Before前的主句如果是肯定的，翻譯成“在……之后才……” 主句如果是否定的，翻譯成“不久就……”

e.g.（1）It was long before he gave an answer.  

過了好久他才答復(fù)我。

（2）It was not long before he worked out the difficult maths problem.

不一會兒他就把那道數(shù)學(xué)題解出來了。

（3）It will be years before he comes back.

        過幾年他才回來。

（4）It was five o’clock      he came to see me.

         It was at five o’clock      he came to see me.

It is five years      I left school.

It was five years      he joined the army.

A. when    B. that    C. before    D. since

3）It was + 時(shí)間 +when從句

在上述句型中it指時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句

e.g.（1）It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.

（2）It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.

第一句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的時(shí)時(shí)間狀語，因此用介詞短語表達(dá)，而第二句是一般句型，時(shí)間以名詞的方式表達(dá)，用來作表語。

二、謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)

it is...that...結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，用助動詞do, did或does。如：

Do come here tomorrow.

He did write to you last week.

Mary does study hard now.

三、練習(xí)

1. — He looks unhappy.

—Yes, but he can’t say what it is ___ is bothering him.

A. as    B. that    C. what    D. which

2. (1) It was not until I had read your letter ___ the truth.

(2) Not until I had read your letter ____ the truth.

A. did I learn    B. I didn’t learn

C. that I learned    D. that I had learned

3. You fix my what? It was to get my brakes repaired____ I brought my car in, not to get the engine replaced!

 A. so that    B. when    C. that    D. because

4. It was some time ___ we realized the truth.

 A. when    B. until    C. since    D. before

5. Was it when he was training in the field _____ the captain got hurt?

 A. when    B. that    C. how    D. where

參考答案：1.B    2.C A    3.C    4.D    5.B