2008年高考英語復習:運用上下文和構詞法猜詞
2008-04-02 10:47:26城市快報
南開中學 段勝利
在平時的閱讀和英語考試中,我們都會遇到生詞,這很正常,也不可避免。根據文章提供的上下文和掌握構詞法猜測詞義,是我們學習和掌握英語必須具備的能力。對高考而言,這種能力尤為重要。從四年高考英語天津卷來看,閱讀理解試題中總有一些題要考查同學們根據上下文和構詞法知識猜出生詞詞義或熟詞新義的能力。而從考試結果來看,猜詞題一直都是難度大,區(qū)分度高的試題。在這個項目上得分,可以使自己的高考英語成績占有優(yōu)勢。2004年至2007年的試題中,在不同的語篇里,分別要猜collision,juvenile obesity,inheritable trait和compassion等四個詞(詞組),雖然這幾個猜詞題都有很好的上下文,也有比較明顯的“詞干”提示,但考試的結果,其難度系數(正確選擇率)卻分別是:0.23,0.64,0.24和0.13,猜詞成了大部分同學的“滑鐵盧”。
一、高考猜哪類詞
從近幾年高考試題來看,猜詞題既猜生詞生義,也猜熟詞生義;猜詞里既有單詞,又有短語;詞類分布上,以實詞(名詞,動詞,形容詞,副詞和代詞等)為主。
1.生詞生義
例一:Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others.
B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest.
D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
答案A。charisma為非考綱詞匯表上單詞,其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality(個性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關。
例二:Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the paragraph probably mean ________.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
答案A。become/get hooked on sth為非考綱詞匯表上詞組,其詞義可以通過下文的… and changed his major from medicine to education.來獲得。