高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)測(cè)試重點(diǎn)及分類解析
2008-01-21 10:33:31新東方
第一章 短文改錯(cuò)測(cè)試重點(diǎn)及分類解析
根據(jù)短文改錯(cuò)的命題特點(diǎn)， 我們可以按照以下四步進(jìn)行備考快速練習(xí)。
第一步： 審題。通讀全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整體(時(shí)態(tài)、 題材及內(nèi)容)。
第二步： 重讀全文， 應(yīng)先確定一些明顯的錯(cuò)誤， 以便疏通短文， 化繁為簡(jiǎn)， 為后面解題打開(kāi)思路。許多問(wèn)題可在這一階段得到解決。從詞法、 句法到行文邏輯三方面著手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找錯(cuò)。
第三步： 綜觀全篇， 看錯(cuò)誤類型的比例是否得當(dāng)、 前后邏輯是否一致、 有無(wú)前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。
第四步： 認(rèn)真檢查， 避免出現(xiàn)以下錯(cuò)誤： 符號(hào)不規(guī)范； 一個(gè)詞改為幾個(gè)或幾個(gè)改為一個(gè)； 該大寫(xiě)的未大寫(xiě)； 合成詞只改了其中一部分等。
下面，我們根據(jù)詞性不同， 來(lái)對(duì)改錯(cuò)題目進(jìn)行分類解析。
第一節(jié) 名 詞
在短文改錯(cuò)中見(jiàn)到名詞時(shí)， 應(yīng)檢查是否有數(shù)、 格及名詞前限定詞用法等錯(cuò)誤。漢語(yǔ)中的名詞在形式上無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)變化， 而是通過(guò)在名詞前加數(shù)詞來(lái)表示； 英語(yǔ)則不同， 除了在名詞前加數(shù)詞之外， 如果是可數(shù)名詞， 還應(yīng)將該名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。
1. 檢查句中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式是否符合句意。
2. 檢查句中有無(wú)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的誤用。
3. 檢查句中有無(wú)所有格的誤用。
4. 檢查句中有無(wú)名詞前限定詞的誤用。
練 習(xí)
請(qǐng)改正下列句子中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤， 注意名詞的使用。
1. He is on good term with me.
2. He is a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again.
3. His opinion is considered to be great value.
4. He sent his daughter to a girl’s high school.
5. Give me three spoonful of sugar.
6. His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian.
7. A few peoples live to be a hundred years old.
8. Aunt Mary returned home after ten year’s absence.
9. He is a friend of my brother.
10. The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen.
注 釋
1. term → terms, term的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示條件、 關(guān)系， on good terms with...意為“與……關(guān)系良好”。
2. friend → friends, make friends with...與某人交朋友。
3. be great value → be of great value, value是名詞， be of+名詞=be+形容詞。即of great value=greatly valuable。
4. girl’s → girls’， 女子高中是a girls’ high school。
5. spoonful → spoonfuls, spoonful是可數(shù)名詞。
6. scandinavian → Scandinavian’s。.
7. peoples → people此處people作“人講”， 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
8. year’s → years’。
9. brother → brother’s應(yīng)是brother’s friends, 其后做了省略。
10. observation → observance(遵守), observation意為觀察。
第二節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)形式
一、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
1. 掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法
2. 注意時(shí)態(tài)的協(xié)調(diào)一致
1)在簡(jiǎn)單句中， 時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致。
2)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)共用一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 其時(shí)態(tài)要求一致。
3)由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)句子， 時(shí)態(tài)上也要求一致。
4)當(dāng)遇到賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)， 若其主句是過(guò)去時(shí)， 則在從句中也必須使用過(guò)去時(shí)。但是當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)和真理時(shí)， 一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
5)與賓語(yǔ)從句一樣， 主語(yǔ)從句、 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)也要求和主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
6)定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句也要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)， 當(dāng)從句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)， 要用相同的時(shí)態(tài)。
二、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
1. 檢查句子是否該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
2. 檢查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式是否正確。
3. 檢查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)與句中其他時(shí)態(tài)是否相呼應(yīng)， 其數(shù)是否與其主語(yǔ)一致。
三、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式， 用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是客觀存在的事實(shí)， 而是一種與事實(shí)相反的愿望、 可能、 推測(cè)、 建議、 要求、 假設(shè)或主觀的設(shè)想等。改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意：
1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用。
2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用。
3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用。
四、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
下列用法常是短文改錯(cuò)的焦點(diǎn)：
1. must表示“必須， 不得不”時(shí)， 其否定式是needn’t或do not have to； must not則表示“不許， 禁止”。
2. need與dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞； 而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 若要構(gòu)成問(wèn)句和否定句， 就需要助動(dòng)詞do/does/did。
3. “can+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中， 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情所作的推測(cè)。
4. “could+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)除用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情所作的推測(cè)外， 還可用來(lái)表示某事有可能在過(guò)去發(fā)生， 但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生。
5. “may/might+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情所作的推測(cè)。(“可能已經(jīng)……了”)
6. “must+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情所作的肯定判斷。(“……一定已經(jīng)……了吧”)
7. “should/ought to+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做而未做的事， 含有自責(zé)或責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。(“本來(lái)應(yīng)該……的”)
8. “need not+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去做了沒(méi)有必要做的事。(“本來(lái)不必……的”)
練 習(xí)
1. After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal points he wanted them to note.
2. When I reach at the end of a cigarette, my money has gone up in smoke.
3. The island has little vegetation(植被)， it scarcely raises above the surrounding sea.
4. In our school the teachers would leave most students go out early on Friday afternoons before football games.
5. Ours was the first group of swimmers who had dove into the new pool.
6. I will like to know where you were born.
7. I would like you read it again.
8. What will you like to do when you finish your course at Leeds?
9. I hope you can visit my country soon, because I’d to show you some lf. the beautiful places near my home.
10. My father mustn’t have said such a thing.
注 釋
1. had chose → had chosen.
2. reach at → reach, reach是及物動(dòng)詞。
3. raises above → rises above, raise是及物動(dòng)詞， rise是不及物動(dòng)詞。
4. leave → let.
5. had dove → had dived.
6. will → would.
7. you read → you to read. would you like其后加不定式。
8. will → would.
9. I’d to → I’d love/like to.
10.mustn’t → can’t， 否定推測(cè)要用can’t或couldn’t, can’t + have + p.p.表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情否定推測(cè)。
第三節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式
一、 動(dòng)詞不定式
1. 不定式可作主語(yǔ)。
2. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)， 一般要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。但是在某些形容詞后面， 即使是這樣， 也不用被動(dòng)式。
3. 某些動(dòng)詞后面只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
4.當(dāng)不定式作賓語(yǔ)， 且后面又有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)， 通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)來(lái)代替不定式， 而把不定式后置。
5. had better, would rather than等詞的后面只跟不帶to的不定式。
6. 動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式表示它與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生， 或在其后發(fā)生； 其完成式則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。但要注意動(dòng)詞plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would(should) like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原打算要做而最終未做成的事情。
二、 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
以下動(dòng)詞只能跟-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)， 不能跟不定式。如： advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include, mention, miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
三、 過(guò)去分詞改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
注意下列幾組動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞之間的區(qū)別： surprising(令人吃驚的)， surprised(感到驚訝的)； interesting(令人感興趣的)， interested(感興趣的)； disappointing(令人失望的)， disappointed(感到失望的)； encouraging(令人鼓舞的)， encouraged(感到鼓舞的)
練 習(xí)
1. I was used to go to the cinema once a week.
2. He has never been heard speak ill of others.
3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security.
4. He always enjoys to read a detective story.
5. His father would not let him to go.
6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.
7. You should avoid to keep company with such people.
8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him.
9. You had better not to go there.
10. The doctor advised me giving up to smoke.
注 釋
1. was used to → used to， used to +動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣， be used to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞表示習(xí)慣的持續(xù)。
2. speak → to speak， 感觀動(dòng)詞/使役動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)， 要將主動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)省去的“to”還原。
3. say → said， said是過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 而it是形式主語(yǔ)。
4. to read → reading, enjoy其后只可加動(dòng)名詞。
5. to go → go, let是使役動(dòng)詞， 其后接不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
6. understand → understood, make oneself understood譯為“使別人了解自己的意圖即自己被別人理解”。
7. to keep → keeping， avoid其后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
8. my offer was accepted by him → he accepted my offer， 分詞短語(yǔ)smiling graciously的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是he， 而不是my offer。
9. to go → go， had better其后接動(dòng)詞原形。
10.giving up to smoke → giving up smoking, advise sb. to do sth.,而give up其后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞。
第四節(jié) 形容詞與副詞
在短文改錯(cuò)中見(jiàn)到形容詞和副詞時(shí)， 檢查句中是否誤把形容詞作副詞或誤把副詞用作形容詞， 尤其是一些詞形完全一樣的形容詞與副詞。
1. 檢查句中形容詞與副詞的位置是否正確。
2. 若句中有系動(dòng)詞， 檢查其后跟的是形容詞還是副詞。
3. 檢查句中有無(wú)易混淆的形容詞的誤用和易混淆的副詞的誤用。
4. 檢查句中有無(wú)形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成錯(cuò)誤。
5. 檢查句中有無(wú)形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的使用錯(cuò)誤。
6. 檢查并列結(jié)構(gòu)前后形容詞與副詞的級(jí)別是否對(duì)等。
練 習(xí)
1. He was impossible to find it out.
2. You should be respectable towards your teachers.
3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie.
4. I’ll be convenient next Sunday.
5. You must make your parents happily.
6. He looked differently after his return from Europe.
7. The number of girls is very few.
8. This shirt is wool(l)en.
9. Let asleep dogs lie.
10. All the present students must cast their votes.
注 釋
1. impossible → unable. Impossible是非人稱形容詞， 不可用來(lái)修飾人， 或可用It is impossible for him to find it out.
2. respectable → respectful(恭敬的), respectable(可尊敬的)。
3. uncapable → unable/uncap able to tell或incapable of telling, capable的反義詞是incapable, be unable to+動(dòng)詞原形， be incapable of + doing(沒(méi)有能力做)。
4. I’ll be convenient next Sunday → Next Sunday will be convenient to me ,convenient是非人稱形容詞。
5. happily → happy, 這里是賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
6. differently → different, look是感觀動(dòng)詞， 其后要用形容詞修飾其主語(yǔ)。
7. few → small， 主語(yǔ)The number(表示數(shù)目)用small/large表示大小。
8. is woolen → (made) of wool, 該句還可寫(xiě)為“This is a woolen shirt.” woolen只可用作定語(yǔ)， 不可用作表語(yǔ)。
9. asleep → sleeping, asleep是睡熟的， 不可用作定語(yǔ)。Let sleeping dogs lie.(勿惹是生非， 勿打草驚蛇)。
10.the present students → the students present(出席的學(xué)生), the peasant students(現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生)。
第五節(jié) 冠 詞
1. 檢查有無(wú)兩個(gè)不定冠詞之間的誤用。
2. 檢查有無(wú)定冠詞不定冠詞之間的誤用。
3. 檢查有無(wú)漏用冠詞的情況。
4. 檢查有無(wú)錯(cuò)用冠詞的情況。
練 習(xí)
1. Last Sunday we went to school to play basketball.
2. Plato left behind him a view of the universe set forth in his dialogue in an unique combination of logic and drama.
3. I have read a interesting story.
4. What kind of a book do you have?
5. You’re in right; it’s not your fault.
6. The most of us are flattered when we receive a compliment.
7. Why are you at home in such a fine weather?
8. He was elected the Mayor of New York.
9. Horse is useful animal.
10. Goldsmith is said to have traveled from a place to a place.
注 釋
1. school → the school， 表示去某場(chǎng)所而不是去上學(xué)(go to school)。
2. an → an unique［ju?蘗nik］其第一音素是輔音。
3. a → an.
4. a book → book, kind of后面名詞不加不定冠詞。
5. right → the right, in the right(有理)， 而in right右邊。
6. The most → Most, most表示大多數(shù)時(shí)不加the。
7. in such a fine weather → in such fine weather. weather是不可數(shù)名詞。
8. The Mayor → Mayor獨(dú)一無(wú)二的官職、 頭銜， 職稱作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)不加冠詞。
9. horse → A horse， horse是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式其前面必須有冠詞， 不可單獨(dú)使用在句子中。
useful animal → a useful animal.
10.from a place to a place → from place to place, 兩個(gè)相對(duì)等的名詞由and連接表示一種習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí)不加冠詞。
第六節(jié) 代 詞
一、 人稱代詞改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
1. 注意人稱代詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用。
2. 注意人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別。
二、 物主代詞改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
對(duì)物主代詞的考查主要涉及：
1. 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之間的區(qū)別。
2. 物主代詞指代的使用。
三、 反身代詞改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
表示“某人自己”的代詞稱作反身代詞。它在句中可作賓語(yǔ)、 同位語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)， 但不能作主語(yǔ)。在使用反身代詞時(shí)， 同樣要注意其單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱必須與所指代的名詞一致。
四、 不定代詞改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
常用的不定代詞有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both, either, other, another, others及由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。不定代詞的用法較復(fù)雜， 需要考生特別注意。
五、 指示代詞改錯(cuò)指導(dǎo)
指示代詞有this, that, these, those, it, such, same等。this和these一般用來(lái)指時(shí)間和空間上較近的人或物， 也常用來(lái)指后面要提到的事情， 有啟下的作用。that和those則常用來(lái)指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物， 也可用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞， 以免重復(fù)。
練 習(xí)
1. Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.
2. Depend upon that he will come here.
3. Whom do you think is the writer of this book?
4. His brother’s case is quite different from me.
5. The population of London is two times as large as this city.
6. People find increasingly difficult to make their living.
7. “I must say good-bye now.” “So I must.”
8. He is taller than any one in his class.
9. I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.
10.Only yesterday the hotel manager assured my husband and me that he would accept our reservation for a room.
注 釋
1. whomever → whoever, 這里是由whoever引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作for的賓語(yǔ)， 而whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
2. Depend upon that → Depend upon it that, that所引導(dǎo)的從句不可作介詞賓語(yǔ)， 必須加上it， 再由that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
3. Whom → Who， 這里do you think是插入語(yǔ)， 這里who是作句子主語(yǔ)。
4. me → mine。
5. as this city → as that of this city,這里的that 代替the population作比較的部分是不可省略的。
6. find → find it， 這里的it是形式賓語(yǔ)， 而to make their living是不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
7. So I must. → So must I.
8. any one → anyone else， 這里he也包含在他的班級(jí)里， 所以應(yīng)加else， 表示他比其他的人高。
9. spoke → spoke to
10. I → me， 這里與husband一起作assured的賓語(yǔ)。
第七節(jié) 數(shù) 詞
1. 檢查有無(wú)基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞之間的誤用。
2. 檢查在表示幾百、 幾千、 幾百萬(wàn)等數(shù)字時(shí)表述是否正確。
3. 檢查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)是否正確。
4. 檢查在表示“歷史上的幾十年代和某人幾十歲時(shí)”的表達(dá)方式是否正確。
5. 檢查數(shù)詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞是否正確。
練習(xí)
1. About three-fifth of the workers of that steel works are young people.
2. When he was in his fifty, he moved to England.
3. 439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine.
4. The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth.
5. This big steel plant has a thousand of workers.
6. Hundred of people attended the meeting last night.
7. People lived a hard life in forties.
8. 333 is three hundred thirty-three.
9. He wrote a two-thousand-words report.
10. There are about three hundreds people in the park on National Day.
注 釋
1. three-fifth → three-fifths， 分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法是分子用基數(shù)詞， 分母用序數(shù)詞， 當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)， 分母應(yīng)加s。
2. fifty → fifties, in his fifties(在他五十多歲時(shí))， in the fifties(在50年代)。
3. hundreds → hundred.
4. millions → million.
5. a thousand of warders → a thousand worker. Hundred, thousand, million等詞在表示具體數(shù)字時(shí)， 都不加s， 在表示不確定數(shù)字時(shí)加s， 同時(shí)加of， 如： hundreds of數(shù)百； thousands of 數(shù)千。
6. Hundred → Hundreds.
7. forties → the forties， 指40年代。
8. hundred → hundred and.
9. two-thousand-words → two-thousand-word.
10. hundreds → hundred.
第八節(jié) 介 詞
1. 檢查介詞有無(wú)誤用。
2. 檢查句中有無(wú)遺漏介詞， 特別要注意作定語(yǔ)用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介詞。
3. 檢查句中有無(wú)多余的介詞。
4. 檢查句中介詞與動(dòng)詞、 名詞、 形容詞、 副詞等的搭配是否正確。
練 習(xí)
1. You must write your letter with ink.
2. A man is known to the company he keeps.
3. The field was dotted the great yellow hats of peasants.
4. Don’t approach to a work of art in such a spirit.
5. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.
6. I was impressed at the zeal which he spoke of the plan.
7. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.
8. At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill.
9. It is known to everyone that butter is made of milk.
10. The girl is proud of that her family is well descended.
注 釋
1. with → ink, ink用于使用之材料， with用于工具或媒介。
2. to → by, be known to sb.， 為某人所熟悉， 本句是諺語(yǔ)“觀其友而知其人”。
3. dotted → dotted with, be dotted with(點(diǎn)綴著……)。
4. approach to → approach, approach是及物動(dòng)詞。
5. absorbed → absorbed in, be absorbed in(專心于……)。
6. at → with, which → with which, be impressed with(被……所感動(dòng))， with which起副詞作用。
7. at → on, insist on(堅(jiān)持)。
8. reached to → reached, reach是及物動(dòng)詞。
9.of → from, made from...是指制作過(guò)程中發(fā)生性質(zhì)變化， made of是物質(zhì)質(zhì)地未變。
10. proud of that → proud that, that從句前的介詞of必須省略。
第九節(jié) 連 詞
1. 并列句中， 檢查并列連詞的使用是否正確， 有無(wú)遺漏并列連詞的情況。
2. 復(fù)合句中， 檢查從屬連詞的使用是否正確。
3. 檢查主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句前的連詞是否遺漏。
4. 檢查有無(wú)連詞之間的誤用， 尤其是if和whether之間的誤用。
練 習(xí)
1. We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on.
2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.
3. At the age of six, my father took me to the circus for the first time.
4. He acted like he had never been in a museum before.
5. You’ll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test.
6. It was not long since they made their appearance.
7. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him.
8. There may not be much choice between this one or that.
9. We must eat for we may live.
10. Which do you like better, coffee and black tea?
注 釋
1. when → as,隨著。
2. when → that, It is(was)not until...that是not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
3. At the age of six → When I was six years old, At the age of six用于句中是指my father。
4. like → as if, as if可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。
5. during → while, during是介詞， 不可引導(dǎo)從句。
6. since → before, not long before(不久……就……)。
7. but → as, not so much...as(與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō))。
8. or → and, between...and...(在……與……之間)。
9. for—that, that(so that, in order that)+may(might)(為了……)表示目的的連接詞， 而for為表示原因的連接詞。
10. and—or， 表示選擇。
第十節(jié) 從句與一致關(guān)系
一、 名詞性從句
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)名詞性從句的考查側(cè)重于連詞的選擇和從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
1. 檢查語(yǔ)序是否正確。
2. 檢查連接詞是否誤用。
3. 檢查是否漏掉了連接詞， 尤其是主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的that。
4. 檢查賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)是否正確。
5. 檢查主語(yǔ)從句與謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)是否一致。
6. 檢查主語(yǔ)從句后置時(shí)， 作形式主語(yǔ)的it是否出現(xiàn)。
7. 檢查有無(wú)if與whether的誤用。
二、 定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句的改錯(cuò)主要涉及關(guān)系代詞、 關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用以及定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題。
1. 判斷關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的使用是否正確。
2. 判斷先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)是否一致。
3. 檢查關(guān)系代詞的格的使用是否正確， 尤其是在關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)和介詞前置時(shí)。
4. 檢查有無(wú)關(guān)系副詞與介詞重復(fù)使用的情況。
5. 檢查有無(wú)漏掉作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞的情況。
6. 檢查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞使用是否正確。
7. 檢查定語(yǔ)從句中除了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞外， 是否還有多余的代詞或副詞。
三、 一致關(guān)系
1. 檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了語(yǔ)法一致的原則。
2. 檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了意義一致的原則。
3. 檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了鄰近原則。
練 習(xí)
1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself.
2. The United States is composed of fifty states; two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
3. What far is it from here to the station?
4. They want to know how they can do to help us.
5. —Who’s got all my money?
—I do.
6. You smoke again! Why not to give it up?
7. These photos will show you how our village looks like.
8. Someone is at the door. Who is he?
9. —Those shirts are very expensive.
—Do you know how they cost?
10. —Who you think is the richest man in this town?
—I think Mr. Kim is.
注 釋
1. which → where， to live → to live in， live是不及物動(dòng)詞。
2. of those → of which, those不是關(guān)系代詞， 不可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
3. What → How, what修飾名詞， 而how修飾形容詞、 副詞， 用于感嘆句。
4. how → what， what作引導(dǎo)詞， 同時(shí)作they can do中動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)。
5. I do → I have.
6. to give it up → give it up, why not其后接不帶to的不定式。
7. how → what, 從句中l(wèi)ooks like中的like是介詞， 提問(wèn)的是like后的賓語(yǔ)。
8. he → it.
9. how → how much/what.
10. who you think → who do you think， do you think是插入語(yǔ)， 去掉插入語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)是陳述語(yǔ)序的疑問(wèn)句。
第十一節(jié) 倒裝與省略
1. 檢查是否有該倒裝而未倒裝的情況。
2. 檢查是否有該省略而未省略的情況。
練 習(xí)
將下列各句改為倒裝句， 并強(qiáng)調(diào)劃線部分的語(yǔ)氣。
1.The defeated army ran away, leaving many wounded soldiers.
2.We can know the past, but we only feel the future.
3.The news impressed me so strongly that I could not utter a word for some time.
4.Our eyes are opened only after we have made a mistake.
5.I have often heard it said that he is not trustworthy.
6.His faithful dog sat by his side.
7.We must in no case imagine that material comfort is the final goal of human happiness.
8.I never expected that the man would turn up at the meeting.
9. I found so many happy people nowhere else.
10. he said good-bye to me and he drove off.
注 釋
1. Away ran the defeated army....
2. ...but the future we only feel.
3. So strongly did the news impress me that....
4. Only after we have made a mistake are our eyes opened.
5. Often have I heard it said....
6. By his side sat his faithful dog....
7. In no case must we imagine....
8. Never did I expect that....
9. Nowhere else did I find....
10. He said good-bye to me, and off he drove.
第二章
短文改錯(cuò)綜合練習(xí)
Exercise 1
It is Sunday today. I have been studying all day long. On 1. _______
the morning, I had dry breakfast. We had no water to2. _______
drink because the water supply had cut off. The water had 3. _______
come back in the evening. I did maths then. I didn’t stop after 4. _______
12 o’clock. After a short lunch I had the break. Then I went to5. _______
my Sunday English class.
After a long and tired class for more than two hours, I got 6. _______
to home. Some work had been done but some hadn’t. I must 7. _______
review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities, 8. _______
which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as 9. _______
well. That’s terribly! Especially when there was no water. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. On改為In。in the morning為固定搭配。
2. dry前加a。一般來(lái)講， 三餐前不加任何冠詞， 但當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾時(shí)， 則必須在形容詞前加不定冠詞。如：We usually have breakfast at eight. I have a wonderful breakfast this morning.
3. 第一個(gè)had后加been。根據(jù)邏輯， 此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
4. after改為until。構(gòu)成“not...until...”句型。
5. the改為a。have a break意為“休息一會(huì)兒”， 為固定搭配。
6. tired改為tiring。tired為形容詞“勞累的”， 多用來(lái)修飾人； tiring也為形容詞， 意為“令人勞累的”， 用來(lái)修飾事物。
7. 刪去to。home為副詞。
8. subject改為subjects。subject是可數(shù)名詞。
9. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
10.terribly改為terrible。系動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞。
Exercise 2
Dear students,
The Students’ Union was going to hold an English Speech 1. _______
contest in the evening of December 30. The purpose 2. _______
is increase the students’ interest in learning English and 3. _______
improve their spoken English. Which is going to be held in4. _______
the school main hall and will begins at 7:30. And the 5. _______
best five students of this English contest will be given6. _______
prizes. Someone in Grade Three will be 7. _______
welcome to take part in it. Those would like to take part 8. _______
in this contest should go to the office of the Students’9. _______
Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10. ______
English Speech.
Welcome to this great fun!
答案及解析
1. was改為is。
2. in改為on。指具體某一天的晚上， 要用介詞on。
3. is后加to。此處為不定式作表語(yǔ)。
4. Which改為It。此處應(yīng)用it指代前文的an English Speech contest， 如用which指代則無(wú)主句。
5. begins改為begin。will后需用動(dòng)詞原形與will共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分。
6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
7. Someone改為Everyone。everyone側(cè)重整體， 指“每個(gè)人”； someone側(cè)重個(gè)體， 意為“某個(gè)人”。
8. Those后加who。此處用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
9. go改為come。根據(jù)文章第一句話可知， 此通知發(fā)出者是the Students’ Union。所以要用come而不用go。
10. 刪去it。此句中已有賓語(yǔ)your names， 不需用it。
Exercise 3
Listening to foreign broadcast easier 1. _______
if we know something about. There are clues 2. _______
that can help us. One clue is the time of 3. _______
day. Morning programs usually contains many 4. _______
short items of news, informations, etc. The 5. _______
items are short because of most of us are 6. _______
getting ready to going to work in the 7. _______
morning. Often we do not have time listen 8. _______
to long programs. There are time for more 9. _______
details about the subjects discuss in evening programs.10. ______
答案及解析
1. easier前加is。此處應(yīng)構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”句型。
2. about后加it。about是介詞， 后面應(yīng)接名詞、 代詞、 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
3. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
4. contains改為contain。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。主語(yǔ)programs為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5. informations改為information。information為不可數(shù)名詞。
6. 刪去because后面的of。because后面應(yīng)接一個(gè)句子； 而because of后面應(yīng)接名詞、 代詞、 動(dòng)名詞。
7. going改為go。be ready to do sth.為固定短語(yǔ)， 意為“準(zhǔn)備做某事”。
8. listen前為to。have time to do sth.意為“有時(shí)間做某事”。
9. are改為is。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。主語(yǔ)time為不可數(shù)名詞， 謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
10. discuss改為discussed。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。此處動(dòng)詞discuss與其邏輯主語(yǔ)subjects應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 故用discussed作定語(yǔ)。
Exercise 4
Life on earth depends the sun. Day after 1. _______
day we see its light and feel its warm, but we 2. _______
do not often consider about its origin. 3. _______
Yet there are many remarkable things about the 4. _______
sun. One is their distance from the earth. Even 5. _______
if it could be made, a trip to the sun would spend a long 6. _______
time even by the fastest rocket. 7. _______
The sun is a large satellite. The planet 8. _______
earth is very small in comparison. The sun make 9. _______
us to feel hot, even at a distance of 93 million miles. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. depend后加on。此處depend為不及物動(dòng)詞， 應(yīng)與on連用， 表示“依賴， 依靠”。
2. warm改為warmth。warm為形容詞， 在its后應(yīng)用名詞warmth作feel的賓語(yǔ)。
3. 刪去about。此處consider為及物動(dòng)詞， 直接接賓語(yǔ)。
4. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
5. their改為its。依上文此處指代“太陽(yáng)的”。
6. spend改為take。take應(yīng)由物作主語(yǔ)， 表示時(shí)間或金錢(qián)的花費(fèi)， 而spend則通常用人作主語(yǔ)。
7. by改為in。in the fastest rocket為固定用法， 表示具體的運(yùn)輸工具。
8. satellite改為star。satellite意為“衛(wèi)星”， star多用來(lái)指恒星。
9. make改為makes。此處make應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)the sun保持一致。
10. 刪去to。當(dāng)不定式作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)， 應(yīng)省略to。
Exercise 5
After I finished the school this year, I began to 1. _______
look for work. Now several month later, I still hadn’t2. _______
found the job that I was interested. Last Sunday morning3. _______
I received a phone call from a man calling him Mr. Smith. 4. _______
He said to me on the phone, “I hear you do very 5. _______
well in your studies. I may provide a job for you.” I entered 6. _______
his office with a beaten heart. How I hoped that I 7. _______
will go through the job -hunting talk today and he would8. _______
take me on as a lab assistant. But to my surprised, 9. _______
what he said disappointing. He only needed a model. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. 刪去the。冠詞錯(cuò)誤。finish school意為“完成學(xué)業(yè)， 畢業(yè)”， school為抽象名詞， 前不加冠詞。
2. month改為months。名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。several修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3. interested后加in。介詞錯(cuò)誤。be interested in是固定詞組。
4. him改為himself。代詞錯(cuò)誤， 根據(jù)文意應(yīng)為“自稱是”。
5. do改為did。動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。句意應(yīng)為“我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你(過(guò)去)學(xué)習(xí)不錯(cuò)”， 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)已畢業(yè)。
6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
7. beaten改為beating。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。a beating heart相當(dāng)于a heart which is beating。
8. will改為would。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。主句是過(guò)去時(shí)， 賓語(yǔ)從句要用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
9. surprised改為surprise。to one’s surprise/joy為習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配， 只能是名詞。
10. said后加was。動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)漏用錯(cuò)誤。What he said是主語(yǔ)從句， was disappointing是謂語(yǔ)。
Exercise 6
Once an old man saw a bag on his way to home. 1. _______
In the bag there was a wolf. It was catching and put in 2. _______
the bag by a shepherd(牧羊人) a few minutes ago.
The wolf asked the old man to let him out.3. _______
The old man took pity on him and opened bag.4. _______
When the wolf got out, said to the old man, “I am very hungry. 5. _______
I want to eat you.” The other old man could do nothing 6. _______
and cry for help. Just then the shepherd came and saw this. 7. _______
He beat the wolf to death by a stick. Then he said to the 8. _______
old man, “wolves want to eat men all the time. It’s nature 9. _______
will never change. We should took this as a good lesson.” 10. ______
答案及解析
1. 刪去to。home是副詞， 前面不能接介詞。
2. catching改為caught。主語(yǔ)it與catch的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 故用was caught。
3. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
4. bag前加the。bag在此重復(fù)提到， 為特指。
5. said前加he。代詞漏用錯(cuò)誤。此句缺少主語(yǔ)， 并且要與上文him保持一致。
6. 刪去other。接上下文沒(méi)有“另一個(gè)老人”。
7. and(cry)改為but(cry)。can do nothing but意為“只得做”， 為習(xí)慣搭配。
8. by改為with。介詞錯(cuò)誤�！坝谩ぞ摺背Ｓ谩皐ith...”。
9. It’s改為Its。同音詞混淆錯(cuò)誤。此處應(yīng)為“它的本性”。
10. took改為take。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形。
Exercise 7
Dear Sir,
I’m glad to recommend (推薦) to you my friend Li Ming.
Li Ming was born on July 15, in 1974 in Beijing. 1. _______
He graduated from Xisi Primary School in 1986. 2. _______
When he was in the middle school, he did good in maths, 3. _______
physics and chemistry and fond of art. After graduating 4. _______
from No.4 High School, he entered into Beijing 5. _______
University study physics. After four years of hard 6. _______
work there, he went to the United States for farther7. _______
study. Because of his excellent work, he get a doctor’s 8. _______
degree in physics this year. He is now in good
health but would like to make contributions to our 9. _______
country. I should be most grateful if you would favorably
consider my recommendation.
Looking forward to receive your early reply.10. ______
Yours truly,
Wang Li
答案及解析
1. 刪去1974前的in。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是年、 月、 日的只需用一個(gè)介詞； 但若是年、 月、 日、 時(shí)的， 則要用at six thirty, on the morning of May 4th, 2001。
2. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
3. good改為well。固定詞組be good at, do well in意為“在……學(xué)得很好”。
4. fond前加was。動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)殘缺錯(cuò)誤。fond是形容詞， and引導(dǎo)并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)， 故用詞組was fond of。
5. 刪去into。動(dòng)詞enter是及物動(dòng)詞， 直接接賓語(yǔ)。
6. study前加to。此處用不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
7. farther改為further。farther意為“更遠(yuǎn)的”， 表示實(shí)際距離； further意為“深遠(yuǎn)的， 進(jìn)一步的”， 指抽象概念， 這里為“深造學(xué)習(xí)”， 應(yīng)用further study。
8. get改為got。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。
9. but改為and。根據(jù)上下文邏輯， 前后兩分句為并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系， 而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
10. receive改為receiving。look forward to中的to為介詞， 后面應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
Exercise 8
Sept. 10th Wednesday Fine
Today is Teacher’s Day. I attended a celebration1. _______
meeting hold by our school. At the meeting, 25 2. _______
advanced teachers were praised and those had3. _______
completed 30 years of teaching were given medals.4. _______
My the first English teacher was one of those praised.5. _______
After the meeting, my classmates and I went to see them.6. _______
Seeing us, the grey-haried teacher looked
exciting. When we said we all wanted to be teachers 7. _______
and devoted ourselves to education in the future, he8. _______
nodded with satisfaction. He said in firm voice, 9. _______
“teaching is a noble job. Man would be stupid with 10. _______
education.” We all agreed and were greatly encouraged by his words.
答案及解析
1. Teacher’s改為T(mén)eachers’�！啊�(人)的節(jié)日”一般用名詞復(fù)數(shù)表泛指。如： Children’s Day, Women’s Day等。
2. hold改為held。此處為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
3. had前加who。仔細(xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)便可知此處應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句， those或all等詞后只能接who， 不能用that。
4. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
5. 刪去the。序數(shù)詞前有my等形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)， 不需要用定冠詞。
6. them改為him。代詞指代應(yīng)一致。根據(jù)下文the grey-haired teacher看出， 此處應(yīng)為him。
7. exciting改為excited。人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 表語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去分詞； 物作主語(yǔ)則用現(xiàn)在分詞。
8. devoted改為devote。根據(jù)句意可知， and后的devote應(yīng)與不定式短語(yǔ)be teachers并列。
9. in后加a。in a loud/low voice為固定短語(yǔ)。
10. with改為without。介詞邏輯錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)常識(shí)可判斷， 該處想表達(dá)的原意為“沒(méi)有教育， 人類將會(huì)愚昧無(wú)知”。
Exercise 9
The other day my brother Tom was beginning his 1. _______
motorbike then our neighbor, Mary came out and asked 2. _______
him if he was going near the station. So he offered her a lift.
She got at the back of the motorbike and3. _______
they drove away. Just before they reached to the station4. _______
a policeman waved to them to stop. “Excuse me, sir,” he
said. “You are not sitting on that motorbike properly.”
“What’s matter with the way I’m sitting?” my brother5. _______
asked in surprise. “Not you, sir. It’s a young lady,” said 6. _______
the policeman. “In this country side-saddle(偏座) is not 7. _______
permitted when one ride a motorbike.” Mary made an excuse 8. _______
that she was from Italy, where it isn’t considering to9. _______
break the law when people take the side-saddle.
The policeman shook head and drove away.10. ______
答案及解析
1. beginning改為starting。begin和start都有“開(kāi)始”的意思， 但start還可指開(kāi)動(dòng)機(jī)器等。該句中表示“開(kāi)動(dòng)， 發(fā)動(dòng)”， 因此應(yīng)用start。
2. then改為when。當(dāng)前一個(gè)分句動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)， 突然又發(fā)生了另一動(dòng)作， 應(yīng)用連詞when。
3. at改為on。get on為固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)， 意為“上車”。
4. 刪去to。reach為及物動(dòng)詞， 其后不接介詞。
5. matter前加the�！癢hat’s the matter with...?”是日常生活中常用口語(yǔ)句型。
6. a改為the。這里的young lady特指上文的青年婦女， 其前應(yīng)用定冠詞the。
7. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
8. ride改為rides。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中， 主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)， 謂語(yǔ)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)， 也應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)。
9. considering改為considered。在where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中， 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者， 應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
10. head前加his。head為可數(shù)名詞， 其前應(yīng)加限定詞。
Exercise 10
Japan is a beautiful country, covering with many1. _______
tiny rivers and high mountains. Japan is also a pleased 2. _______
country. It is known for “the land of the cherry blossom3. _______
(櫻花)” because of the spring of the year the cherry 4. _______
trees are so beautiful. Everywhere there are hundred of 5. _______
different kinds of wild flowers. Where there are
not natural gardens, the Japanese 6. _______
has made their own. Because the islands are so hilly7. _______
there is a great shortage of the soil, so very little bit 8. _______
is used. No matter how tiny may be, every home has its 9. _______
own little garden. Japan is a country worthy of a visit. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. covering改為covered。be covered with是固定搭配， 意為“為……所覆蓋”， 此處過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)， 修飾country。
2. pleased改為pleasant。pleased意為“感動(dòng)高興的”， 通常用來(lái)指人； pleasant意為“令人高興的”， 通常用來(lái)指物。
3. for改為as。be known for是“因……而眾所周知”的意思； be known as意為“以……知名”。
4. of改為in。此處because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句， 從句中in the spring of the year作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
5. hundred改為hundreds。固定詞組hundreds of意為“數(shù)以百計(jì)的”。
6. not改為no。not為副詞， 不能修飾名詞； 修飾名詞gardens應(yīng)用no。
7. has改為have。the Japanese指的是日本人民， 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8. 刪去the。soil為物質(zhì)名詞， 其前不用定冠詞。
9. tiny后加it。此處讓步狀語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)。
10. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
第三章 歷年高考改錯(cuò)真題
(1996年～2007年)
NMET 1996
Today I visited the Smiths—my first time visit 1. _______
to a American family. They live in a small 2. _______
town. It was very kind for them to meet me 3. _______
at the railway station and drove me to their home.4. _______
The Smiths did his best to make me feel 5. _______
at home. They offered me coffee and other 6. _______
drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing 7. _______
together. They eager to know everything about 8. _______
China and asked me lots of question. In fact, 9. _______
they are planning to visit China in next year.10. ______
答案及解析
1. 刪去 time。
2. 第一個(gè) a 改為 an。
3. for 改為 of。
4. drove 改為 drive。to meet 和 to drive 是平行結(jié)構(gòu)， 可視為 drive 前省略 to。
5.his改為their。此處為指代錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)橹甘访芩狗驄D， 故用their。
6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
7. have改為had。綜觀全篇可知， 此處應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
8. 在eager前加were。eager是形容詞， 需與系動(dòng)詞共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。
9. question改為questions。此處為可數(shù)名詞。
10. 刪去in。含有this, last, next等的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不加介詞。
NMET 1997
Dear Bob,
Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher, 1. _______
Miss Fang. I’d like to your penfriend, and get to 2. _______
know more about your country.
First, let me tell you something more about myself.3. _______
My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the 4. _______
capital of China. I go to Hongqi Middle School. We5. _______
study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, 6. _______
English and physics. I use to play ping-pong a lot7. _______
in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.8. _______
Do you play any ball games? What your favorite9. _______
sport? I look forward to hear from you soon. 10. ______
Yours,
Li Hua
答案及解析
1. learn 改為 learnt或learned。
2. to 后加 be 或 become。
3. 刪去more。第一次告訴 Bob 關(guān)于自己的一些事情， 此處用 more 不合邏輯。
4. where 改為 which。在此非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中， 關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)， 故用 which。
5. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
6. subject 改為 subjects。quits a few 意為“相當(dāng)多”， 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
7. use 改為 used。據(jù)下文 but now 可知， 此處應(yīng)用used to do 表示“過(guò)去常常 做某事”。
8. interesting 改為 interested。be interested in…為固定短語(yǔ)， “對(duì)……感興趣”。
9. What 后加 is。此句無(wú)謂語(yǔ)。
10. hear 改為 hearing。look forward to doing sth.為固定短語(yǔ)。
NMET 1998
My Favorite Sport
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of 1. _______
our school football team. We practise for three times 2. _______
every week and often watch football match on TV 3. _______
together. Play football not only makes us grow 4. _______
tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 5. _______
team spirit. We must keep in mind that we play6. _______
for the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport 7. _______
teaches us the important of obedience (服從). Each8. _______
player must obey captain, who is the leader of 9. _______
the team. And they must not break the rules too 10. ______
often if we want to win the game.
答案及解析
1. was 改為 am。綜觀全篇時(shí)態(tài)可知。
2.刪去 for。time 表示次數(shù)時(shí)， 之前一般無(wú)介詞， 直接用作狀語(yǔ)。如： We have meals three times a day。
3. match 改為 matches。
4. Play 改為 Playing。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)， 表示經(jīng)常性、 習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作， 而動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)則表示一兩次的動(dòng)作。
5. give 改為 gives。此處和上文 makes 一起作謂語(yǔ)， 屬平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
7. instead 后加 of。instead 為副詞， instead of 為介詞短語(yǔ)。此處接賓語(yǔ) ourselves， 需用介詞短語(yǔ)。
8. important 改為 importance。
9. captain 前后 the。像 chairman， captain， monitor， mayor 這類詞表示職務(wù)時(shí)， 前面用零冠詞。但如這類職務(wù)用于指某人時(shí)， 前面用定冠詞。
10. they 改為 we。
NMET 1999
The Problem with Television
Now I can’t watch much television but a few years 1. _______
ago I was used to watch it every night. I was often 2. _______
a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV 3. _______
demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 4. _______
too many people among my family. Some wanted 5. _______
to see the programme while others preferred 6. _______
another. I am happy with any programme but 7. _______
the others spent a lot time arguing and there 8. _______
was no way of settling the matter except by 9. _______
selling the TV set. Now someone at home reads instead. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. 刪去 much�！癐 can’t watch much television”意為“我不能看許多電視”， 上下文邏輯不通。much 屬于多余。
2. 刪去 was。由上文句意可知“我現(xiàn)在不看電視， 而過(guò)去每晚都看電視”， 因此應(yīng)用 used to do。
3. watch 改為 watching。作句子主語(yǔ)需用動(dòng)名詞。
4. Unfortunate 改為 Unfortunately。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。
5. among 改為 in。“in my family”為習(xí)慣搭配， 意為“在我家中”。
6. the 改為 one。由下文的another可知， 上文用one。
7. am 改為 was。綜觀全文時(shí)態(tài)可知。
8. a lot 后加 of。
9. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
10. someone 改為 everyone 或 everybody。someone 意為“某個(gè)人”； everyone/ everybody 意為“每個(gè)人”。根據(jù)上下文邏輯可知。
2000 春季
Dear Peter,
Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 1. _______
party on Sunday. I’d like very much come but 2. _______
had an examination on Monday morning. It is 3. _______
a very important exam but I can’t afford to 4. _______
fail it. I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading 5. _______
and prepare for it. So I’m really sorry that I 6. _______
won’t be able to come in this time. Hope you7. _______
can understand. I’ll take this chance to wish 8. _______
you wonderful time on your birthday. Happy 9. _______
birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!10. ______
Yours,
Li Ming
答案及解析
1. on 改為 for。動(dòng)詞 thank 與名詞 thanks 通常與介詞 for 搭配。
2. much 后加 to。 I’d like to do something 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. had 改為 have。綜觀全文時(shí)態(tài)可知。
4. but 改為 so。根據(jù)上下文邏輯， 此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系。
5. 刪去 all。all 與 the whole 重復(fù)， 只能保留一處， 由于在此題型中， 只有多一個(gè)單詞的可能， 故此處只能刪去 all。
6. prepare 改為 preparing。與上文的 reading 形成平行結(jié)構(gòu)， 以滿足“spend some time on sth./in doing sth.這一句型的需要。
7. 刪去 in。含有 this， that， last， next 等的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不加任何介詞。
8. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
9. wonderful 前加 a。
10. return 改為 returns。return 此處為名詞， many happy returns of the day 意為“祝你健康長(zhǎng)壽”。
NMET 2000
The day before the speech contest (比賽) English teacher1. _______
talked to me. She said that she and my schoolmate all 2. _______
wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would 3. _______
win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt 4. _______
so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many 5. _______
people present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English 6. _______
teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at 7. _______
me. I remembered her words and calm down. 8. _______
I did a good job and won the first prize.
Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.9. _______
Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. teacher 前加 my。根據(jù)下行 She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success， 可判斷 English teacher 應(yīng)是特指。
2. schoolmate 改為 schoolmates。因本句中有 all 一詞， 所以 schoolmate 一詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3. that 改為 whether。根據(jù)上下文， 可判斷本句意為“我是否成功沒(méi)有關(guān)系”， 所以這里用 whether。
4. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
5. as 改為 that。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)， so 應(yīng)與 that 構(gòu)成復(fù)合句， that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句， 在此不能用 as 引導(dǎo)。
6. 刪去a。catch sight of 為固定搭配， sight 前不加任何冠詞。
7. but 改為 and。smiling 和 nodding 為兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作， 在邏輯上無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系， 故 but 改為 and。
8. calm 改為 calmed。在 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列句中， remember 和 calm 為兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作， 為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故 calm 改為 calmed。
9. is 改為 are。本句用 my picture 和 the prize 作主語(yǔ)， 是復(fù)數(shù)形式， 后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和其主語(yǔ)保持一致。
10. 刪去often。句首已用 whenever “無(wú)論何時(shí)”， 在句中就沒(méi)必要用 often 了。
2001春季
I used to love science class—all of them—1. _______
biology, chemistry ,geography, physics. I think I 2. _______
liked those classes because I felt that it helped me 3. _______
understand what the world works. For example, when4. _______
I was a child , the rain was a mystery (奧秘). In one5. _______
class, I learned it rained. I think science classes 6. _______
clear up mysteries. But then there is always more 7. _______
mysteries look into. What was my least favorite class? 8. _______
That was maths. After learn the basics of the subject, 9. _______
nothing else seemed very practically to me . I never 10.______
saw how I could use it in my daily life.
答案及解析
1. class 改為 classes。class 為可數(shù)名詞， 根據(jù)下文， 這里 class 為復(fù)數(shù)， 故改為 classes。
2. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
3. it 改為 they。這里指代上文的 those classes。
4. what 改為 how。work 此處為不及物動(dòng)詞， 不可用連接代詞 what 作賓語(yǔ)， 只可用連接副詞 how 作狀語(yǔ)。
5. 刪去 rain 前的 the。此處 rain 為泛指。
6. it 前加 why。根據(jù)上下文邏輯， 此處意為“在課上， 我明白了天為什么會(huì)下雨”。
7. is 改為 are。
8. look 前加 to。需用不定式作定語(yǔ)。
9. learn 改為 learning。此處 after 為介詞， 后需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
10. practically 改為 practical。seem 在此句中作系動(dòng)詞， 其后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
NMET 2001
Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers 1._______
nor sisters—in any other words, I am an only child. 2._______
My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can 3._______
make sure that I get a good education. They did not want 4._______
me to do any work at family; they want me to 5._______
devote all my time to my studies so that
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. 6. _______
We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do7._______
not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks8._______
as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they 9._______
really understand their own daughter? What things are in 10._______
other homes, I wonder.
答案及解析
1. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
2. 刪去 other 前的 any。in other words 為固定搭配， 意為“換句話說(shuō)”。
3. can 后加 to。此處不定式為目的狀語(yǔ)。
4. did 改為do�？v觀全文， 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
5. family 改為 home。family 多指由家庭成員、 婚姻維系的“家”， 而 home 則多指“住所”。另外， at home 為固定搭配。
6. subject 改為 subjects。subject 屬可數(shù)名詞， all 后應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)。
7. a 改為the 。same 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)前面一般用定冠詞。
8. 刪去 talk 后的 about。
9. and 改為or。a visitor 和 a guest 屬不同類的兩種人， 故不可用 and 連接， 需用or表示選其一。
10. What 改為 How。此處是 I wonder 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句， 意為“我想知道在別人家里的情況是怎樣的”。
2002春季
My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy.
He did not want share things with other people. For 1._______
example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them 2._______
in a secret place where I couldn’ t find it. Then he 3. _______
ate it all by himself. He never helped other. 4. _______
He said he is busy. That is, a game of 5. _______
tennis making him very busy. He did not care 6. _______
if something he did made people angry. For 7. _______
instance, on one night he played strong and 8. _______
loudly music till four o’clock in the morning. But 9. _______
he is difference now. He often helps grandma 10.______
with housework, helps mom with cooking and helps his
classmates with their lessons.
答案及解析
1. want 后加 to。want to do sth. 為固定搭配。
2. them 改為 it。依據(jù)上下文， 前句 a chocolate cake 為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)， 后邊的代詞顯然用 it， 而不是 them。
3. where 改為 which/that 或刪去 where。此為定語(yǔ)從句， 先行詞 place在從句中作 find 的賓語(yǔ)， 只能用關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 或省略。
4. other 改為 others 。不定代詞 other 指另一個(gè)， 而 others 指另一些。
5. 第一個(gè) is 改為 was。此題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。
6.making 改為 made。本句缺少謂語(yǔ)， 需要把making 改為 make 的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
7. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
8. 刪去 on。one night 前不需要任何介詞。
9. loudly 改為 loud。loudly 是副詞， 此處修飾名詞 music， 應(yīng)用形容詞。
10. difference 改為 different。應(yīng)用形容詞與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
NMET 2002
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous1. _______
mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather2. _______
was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 3 _______
the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we 4._______
climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples 5. _______
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 6. _______
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.7. _______
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at8. _______
the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and 9. _______
the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep
at the moment my head touched the pillow.10. ______
答案及解析
1. famous 前加 a。mountain 為可數(shù)名詞。又是第一次被談及， 故應(yīng)在 famous 前加不定冠詞。
2. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
3. noon 后加 when 。It was about noon 是主句， 后面的應(yīng)為從句， 故在 noon 后加when， 此處 when 意為“在……時(shí)候”。
4. them 改為 us。綜觀全文可知， 此文是用第一人稱的口吻來(lái)敘述的。
5. visiting 改為 visited。此處climbed， visited 和 told 構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)。
6. picture 改為 pictures。
7. passes 改為 passed。應(yīng)與全文時(shí)態(tài)一致。
8. 刪去 down。
9. and 改為 but。飯菜很貴不是一件令人愉快的事， 而服務(wù)質(zhì)量很高確實(shí)是一件好事， 故前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
10. 刪去 at。the moment直接引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
2002北京卷
What should you do when your parents become1. _______
angry? If your parents got mad, try to have a conversation2. _______
with them about it . Remembering not to shout 3. _______
at them. They usually will try to change, but they will 4. _______
take some time because they get angry all their life, and that 5. _______
is all they know . You might have to change for your6. _______
method a couple of times. Do any nice things for your7. _______
parents that they don’t expect—like cooking,
doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean 8. _______
the floors. If this doesn’t work , bring in friend that you 9. _______
feel comfortable, and have him or her help you.10. ______
答案及解析
1. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
2. got 改為get。通讀全篇， 可知道本文基本時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
3. Remembering 改為 Remember。本句為祈使句， 表示建議， 主語(yǔ)省略。
4. they 改為 it。they 前為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but， 表明其后為一個(gè)句子， 這里應(yīng)用 it 代表前面整個(gè)句子。如： Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should study harder， but it didn’t help。此處的代詞 it， 代替“Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should study harder”這一句子的內(nèi)容。
5. life 改為 lives。這是考查名詞的數(shù)， life 是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)， 句子主語(yǔ)用的是they， 與其一致應(yīng)用lives。
6. 刪去 for。因?yàn)?change 作“改換”講時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞。如： Can you change me one yuan note?你能兌換一元零錢(qián)給我嗎?而 change for作“轉(zhuǎn)換車到……”解。如： Where should you change for Guilin? 你在什么地方轉(zhuǎn)車到桂林去?
7. any 改為 some。any 一般用于疑問(wèn)句、 否定句、 條件從句中， 而 some 一般用于肯定句中。此處為祈使肯定式， 故用 some。
8. clean 改為 cleaning。應(yīng)與 cooking， doing， washing 一致， 作介詞賓語(yǔ)。
9. friend 前加 a。friend 為普通可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)， 其前應(yīng)加不定冠詞 a。
10. comfortable 后加 with。comfortable with 意為“與……自在/愉快”。例如：
She feels comfortable with those who speaks English。她和講英語(yǔ)的人談話覺(jué)得很自在。
2003春季
Many teachers worry about the effects of television on young
people. According to studies, any children spend more time 1. _______
watching television than they spend in school. Because so 2. _______
much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of3. _______
read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries 4. _______
much about the radio program young people listen to, 5. _______
although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder 6. _______
about the effects of television commercials. On one year the 7. _______
average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all 8. _______
planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want9. _______
things that they don’t real need. 10. ______
答案及解析
1. any 改為 many/some。根據(jù)句意， 此處應(yīng)表示“一些， 許多”， 而 any 表示“一些”時(shí)， 常常用于否定句、 疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。
2. Because 后面加 of。此處 so much viewing 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞， 故加 of。
3. 刪去 be。此處 may not develop 已經(jīng)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分， be 屬于多余。
4. read 改為 reading。of 為介詞， 后面需要接名詞、 代詞、 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
5. program 改為 programs。program 為可數(shù)名詞， 且根據(jù)句意， 此處應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)概念。
6. noise 改為 noisy。noise 為名詞， noisy 為形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
7. On 改為 In。根據(jù)上下文邏輯， 此處意為“在一年中”。
8. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
9. 刪去第二個(gè) to。make sb. do sth. 為固定搭配， 意為“讓某人做某事”。
10. real 改為really。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 don’t need。
NMET 2003
When I first learned to write in English， I ran into 1. _______
many difficulties. The main problem was in that I 2. _______
always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything 3. _______
into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. 4. _______
I followed her advice and should put down 100 words 5. _______
or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on 6. _______
paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. 7. _______
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my 8. _______
teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 9. _______
They all said the story was a good one. Their word were 10. ______
a great encouragement to me.
答案及解析
1. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
2. 刪去 in。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)， 此處為表語(yǔ)從句。
3. anything 改為 everything。此處為肯定句， anything 意為“任何一件事”， 側(cè)重個(gè)體； 而 everything 意為“一切事情”， 側(cè)重整體。
4. my 改為 a。keep a diary 為固定短語(yǔ)， 意為“記日記”。
5. 刪去 should。and 連接兩個(gè)并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)， 前后時(shí)態(tài)均為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
6. talk 改為 talking。enjoy doing 為固定用法。故此處必須用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
7. me 改為 myself。express oneself 為固定短語(yǔ)。
8. showed 后加 it。show 為及物動(dòng)詞， 后面應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)。
9. reads 改為 read。and 連接兩個(gè)并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)， 前后時(shí)態(tài)均為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
10. word 改為 words。根據(jù)句意， 此處應(yīng)為“他們的話語(yǔ)， ”用 words。
NMET 2004
Dear Ralph,
I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would 1. _______
describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 2. _______
it seems always difficult for me to do things well as3. _______
them. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as4. _______
a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. 5. _______
Besides, I have few friends. I don’t know that they 6. _______
don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other7. _______
very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8. _______
once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t 9. _______
seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 10. _______
Yours,
Xiao Wei
答案及解析
1. of改為from。of表示所屬意義， 此處應(yīng)為“來(lái)自一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)”。
2. quietly改為quiet。describe后接名詞或代詞+ as +名詞或形容詞， 其中as +名詞或形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 表示“把…描寫(xiě)成什么/什么樣子”。
3. well前加as。as well as“跟…(做得)一樣好”。
4. to改為at。laugh to...意為“對(duì)…大笑”。laugh at...意為“嘲笑”， 有明顯的、 有意的敵意的含義， 根據(jù)后文and see me as a fool， 故應(yīng)用laugh at才對(duì)。
5. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。
6. that改為why。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句， 本身無(wú)意義， 只起連接作用。
7. talked改為talk。整篇文章敘述的都是現(xiàn)在的情況。改為現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 使其與上下文一致。
8. stranger改為strangers。與句子主語(yǔ)we一致。
9. since改為but。根據(jù)上下文， 前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
10. 刪除about。tell的結(jié)構(gòu)為：tell sb. sth. “告訴某人某事”， 表示直接意義； tell sb. about sth. “告訴某人有關(guān)某事的某些內(nèi)容”， 表示間接意義。
NMET 2005
There are advantage for students to work while 1. _______
studying at school. One of them was that 2. _______
they can earn money. For the most part, 3. _______
students working to earn money for their own 4. _______
use. Earning their own money allow them 5. _______
to spend on anything as if they please. 6. _______
They would have to ask their parents for 7. _______
money or for permission to do things by 8. _______
the money. Some students may also to save 9. _______
up for our college or future use. 10. _______
答案及解析
1. advantage改為advantages。應(yīng)使用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. was改為is。時(shí)態(tài)和整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。
3. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。
4. working改為work。此句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
5. allow改為allows。主謂不一致， 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
6. 刪除if。此處please作不及物動(dòng)詞， 意為“喜歡， 想要”， as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， 修飾先行詞anything。
7. would 后添加not。上下文邏輯有誤。
8. by改為with。by表示“使用”時(shí)， 其后不能使用定冠詞the， 故改為with。
9. 去掉to。may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 其后應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。
10. our改為their。代詞的指代不一致， 指代第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式的物主代詞應(yīng)為their。
2005浙江卷
At first I was not quite willing to sit down and
watched the 90-minute football match. Usually I just 1. _______
checked the results because I thought that was dull 2. _______
to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each 3. _______
other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the 4. _______
World Cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch 5. _______
his favorite sport. Seeing his strong interest in this 6. _______
game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down 7. _______
to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my 8. _______
dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football 9. _______
is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad!10. _______
答案及解析
1. watched改為watch�！癮nd”連接兩個(gè)并列的不定式“to sit down”和“(to)watch”， 所以要用動(dòng)詞原形。
2. that改為it。it作形式主語(yǔ)， “that”不行。
3. each之前添加to。“把球互相踢來(lái)踢去”， 要在“kick a ball”后加上介詞to。
4. Therefore改為However。由上下文可知“therefore(因此)”與句義不符， 應(yīng)改為 “however(然而)”。
5. stays改為stayed�？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)一致， 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in 2002”， 應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。
7. run改為running。running為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)， 修飾“22 men”， 相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句“who run”。
8. excited改為exciting。要用“exciting”修飾“the game”， 表示“令人興奮的”， “excited”用來(lái)修飾人。
9. 刪除for�！癳xplain”是及物動(dòng)詞， 直接跟賓語(yǔ)， 無(wú)須加介詞。
10. badly改為bad。be動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)， 不能用副詞。
2005重慶卷
It is bad manners in the classroom to look for what our 1. _______
neighbor had written, or try to see what mark he has received 2. _______
without being permitted. It is good manners for them to help 3. _______
each other if we have the same desire and the teacher allows to it. 4. _______
In examinations and in certain kinds of written work, it is dishonest 5. _______
and foolishly to help or to ask help from others. When one student 6. _______
does so, much larger values are destroying. One may not agree 7. _______
to examination system, but at present it is basically the only 8. _______
measure that the teacher and the rest of the world can depend to 9. _______
decide if or not each of us meets the requirement. 10. _______
答案及解析
1. for改為at。在教室看鄰座所寫(xiě)的是不禮貌的， look for為尋找， 通常指失去的找回來(lái)。
2. had改為has。此處主從時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致。
3. them改為us�？疾榇~一致。由本句后文“if we have...”可判斷。
4. 刪除to�？疾閯�(dòng)詞allow為及物動(dòng)詞， 后面的介詞to應(yīng)刪去。
5. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。
6. foolishly改為foolish。and 連接的兩個(gè)形容詞在形式上應(yīng)該保持一致。
7. destroying改為destroyed�？疾閯�(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)，“much larger values”應(yīng)被摧毀。
8. examination system之前添加the�！癳xamination system”此處特指下文中的“the only measure”。
9. depend后添加on。 “depend on”為固定短語(yǔ)， 指依賴、 依靠。
10. if 改為whether�？疾閕f和whether在表“是否”時(shí)用法的區(qū)別。if不能與or not連用。
2005湖北卷
Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. _______
the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 2. _______
long ago, many adults and children called their friends together 3. _______
to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. _______
like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words, 5. _______
they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are 6. _______
playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities 7. _______
for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. _______
many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American 9. _______
big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games. 10. _______
答案及解析
1. and改為but。前文說(shuō)并非所有的人都喜歡工作， 下文說(shuō)每個(gè)人都喜歡玩， 是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
2. woman改為women。并列的四個(gè)名詞均為復(fù)數(shù)。
3. 在 called前加have。根據(jù)句意， 應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
4. play改為playing。固定搭配， spend hours (in) playing games。
5. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。
6. feel改為feeling。固定搭配keep sb. feeling good， 使人們感覺(jué)良好。
7. how改為why。how不符合句意。
8. make改為makes。分詞短語(yǔ)作主句， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
9. 把others前的冠詞the去掉。許多人喜歡觀看別人運(yùn)動(dòng)， others前加冠詞意為“其余的人”， 與文意不符。
10. sell改為buy。在大城市里人們買票觀看體育比賽。
2006年高考真題
全國(guó)卷1
We had guests last night who have not stayed 1. _______
in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 2. _______
because that they were going out early in the 3. _______
morning. They came back lately and had some 4. _______
tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 5. _______
them just go through the kitchen door but turn 6. _______
on the light. He was looking for a glass the 7. _______
cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 8. _______
not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 9. _______
“What can I do? We are guests after all.” 10. ______
答案
1. have → had2. ago → before
3. 刪除that4. lately → late
5. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)誤6. but → and
7. glass后添加in8. ideas → idea
9. me → myself10. We → They
全國(guó)卷2
An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea
between France and England in the balloon in 1784. High 1._______
over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. The 2._______
hole became bigger and bigger. The air keeps the 3._______
balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was 4._______
coming up. The two men threw all their equipment into5._______
the water to make the balloon light. It started to rise 6._______
higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 7._______
Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to 8._______
save themselves. The crowd waiting for to greet them in 9._______
England was very surprised see this when the balloon 10.______
landed in front of them.
答案
1. the → a2. discover → discovered
3. keeps → keeping4. ?菁
5. up → down6. light → lighter
7. So → But8. his → their
9. 刪除for10. see前添加to
山東卷
Dear Ming,
It was very nice to hear from you for such a long time. I’m 1._______
glad to learn that you’ve been settled down in Boston and are 2._______
getting used to the local ways of life. 3._______
As you know, I’m still buried in books at school you are 4._______
so familiar with. What may surprise you are that I’m going to 5._______
the US this July in a summer camp! Surely I’m expecting lots 6._______
of sightseeing tours, parties and another exciting things. We must 7._______
definitely meet when I’m over. As is planning, I’m coming 8._______
to Boston around the 15th, and I wonder if you’ll free then so 9._______
we could chat about the good older days. 10.______
Hope to see you soon.
Yours,
Xiao Lei
答案
1. for → after2. 去掉been
3. ways→way4. at與school之間插入the
5. are→is6. in→on
7. another→other8. planning→planned
9. free前添加be10. older→old
安徽卷
There is a public library in every town in Britain. Anyone 1._______
can borrow books if he or she wish. In some places you2._______
may borrow as more books as you need, but in others 3._______
you are limited in a certain number of books. You may 4._______
keep the books for several weeks so as you can have 5._______
enough time to finish it. If the book you want is out 6._______
you may ask it to be kept for you. Most public libraries 7._______
also have a reading-room, that you can sit at the desk 8._______
and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other 9._______
books, but you are not permit to take them out. 10.______
答案
1. ?菁2. wish → wishes
3. more → many4. in → to
5. as → that6. it → them
7. ask → ask for8. that → where
9. 去掉other前的the10. permit → permitted
浙江卷
Dear Mr. Donforth,
I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit. I’ve 1. _______
heard that you have been to Greece. In our Greece unit, we 2. _______
have been learning about it’s rich culture and long history. 3. _______
Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to 4. _______
know whether you have seen the old buildings here. We have 5. _______
learned a lot from the textbook, but I believe you personal 6. _______
experience will be a lot better. Your knowledges of Greece can 7. _______
help the whole class. Could you share you experiences for 8. _______
us? It will be surely exciting and rewarding. I hoped that you 9. _______
think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly. 10. ______
答案
1. you 后添加 to2. ?菁
3. it’s → its4. 去掉 so
5. here → there6. you → your
7. knowledges → knowledge8. for → with
9. hoped → hope10. possibly → possible
2007年高考真題
全國(guó)卷1
I was only about six that he held his hand 1. _______
out to me. I took it in me and we walked. Then 2. _______
I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have 3. _______
so much lines on your hand?” He laughed and 4. _______
said, “Well, that’s a big question!” He was 5. _______
silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: 6. _______
“Each these lines stands for a trouble in my 7. _______
life.” I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa, 8. _______
what do you have more lines on that one?” 9. _______
“Because there are more the honors and joys 10. _______
in my life.”
答案
1. that→when2. me→mine
3. ask→asked4. much→many
5. √6. So→Then/And
7. each后添加of8. hands→hand
9. what→why10. 刪除the
天津卷
In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get 1. _______
only 36 percent of the answer correct. I failed the 2. _______
next one, either. I started to think that maybe I was 3. _______
not good at it. However. I was not lucky enough to 4. _______
have a teacher which didn’t take my bad grades as a 5. _______
judgment of my abilities, but simply like an indication 6. _______
how I should study harder. He pulled me aside and told 7. _______
me that he knew I could do better. He permitted to retake 8. _______
the test, and I was pulled my grade to an A. This is what 9. _______
I discovered: just because a subject is difficulty to learn, 10. _______
it doesn’t mean you are not good at it.
答案
1. get→got2. answer→answers
3. either→too4. 刪除第二個(gè)not
5. which→who/that6. like→as
7. how→that8. permitted后添加me
9. 刪除was10. difficulty→difficult
遼寧卷
One day in the restaurant where I worked, I am serving a 1. _______
table of four and each person had ordered the different 2. _______
kind of fish. Three plate were already on the table when 3. _______
the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me 4. _______
the name of the fish on it. Before I could answer him, he 5. _______
continued to ask me the name of the fish on another one 6. _______
plate. I was about to answer him while I noticed that the 7. _______
last plate on my tray(托盤(pán))began to fall. They fell noisily 8. _______
to the floor seconds late, spreading its contents on the 9. _______
carpet. Everyone stared me and I stood there with a red face. 10. _______
答案
1. am→was2. the→a
3. plate→plates4. pointing→pointed
5. √6. 刪除one
7. while→when8. They→It
9. late→later10. stared后添加at
福建卷
May 10, 2007
Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down 1. _______
and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at that moment, 2. _______
but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the 3. _______
class was over. Though I had difficulty walk back to 4. _______
my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused 5. _______
the offer of help of my classmates. As result, the hurt 6. _______
in my foot became worse. Now I know I’m wrong. We 7. _______
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. 8. _______
Some day we can not help others in return. In this way, 9. _______
we can get along to each other happily and peacefully. 10. _______
答案
1. while→when2. greatly→great
3. has→had4. walk→walking
5. but→and6. as后添加a
7. √8. his→their
9. 刪除not10. to→with
